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FON > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 Vital Signs?

A

1- Pain
2- Oxygen
4- Body temperature
5- Pulse
6- Respiration
3- Arterial Blood Pressure

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2
Q

What are the Nurse’s Responsibilites About Vital Signs

A

1- Measure correctly

2- Be able to understand and analyze measurement result correctly

3- Be able to share the results with health team members

4- Be able to plan necessary nursing interventions and should be able to follow the results.

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3
Q

WHEN SHOULD VITAL SIGNS BE EVALUATED?

A
  • While being admitted to a hospital.
  • When a patient has a change in health status or reports symptoms such as chest pain
    or feeling hot or faint
  • Before and after surgery or an invasive procedure
  • Before and after the administration of a medication that could may affect the
    respiratory or cardiovascular systems
  • Before and after any nursing intervention that could affect the vital signs (e.g., ambulating a
    patient who has been on bed rest, before blood transfusion).
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4
Q

What is Body temperature

A

Is the reflect of the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost from the
body,

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5
Q

What are the two different types of body temperatures:

A

1- Core Temperature

It is the temperature of the body’s deep tissues,

2- Surface Temperature

the temperature of the skin, subcutaneous and
fat tissue.

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6
Q

What are the factors affecting the heat production mechanism in the body?

A

1- Basal Metabolic Rate.
2- Muscle Activity.
3- Thyroxine Output.
4- Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulation.
5- Fever.

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7
Q

Heat is lost from the body in 4 ways:

A

Radiation (60%): The transfer of
heat from the surface of one object to
the surface of another

Conduction: The transfer of
heat from one molecule to a molecule
at a lower temperature. the temperature
difference, the amount and
duration of contact.

Convection: Heat loss through air flow. This warm air rises and is
replaced by cooler air.

Evaporation: insensible water
loss, insensible heat loss. 10% of basal heat loss.

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8
Q

What are the system that regulates body temperature 3 main parts:

A
  1. Peripheral and core sensors
  2. Hypothalamic thermostat
  3. Effector system that regulates heat production and loss
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9
Q

Where is the Hypothalamic Thermostat located in the brain?

A

In the center that controls core temperature.

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10
Q

In order to get to Normal body temperature when Body temperature rises the body?

A

Blood vessels dilate, resulting in heat loss to the environment. Sweat glands secrete fluid. As the fluid evaporates, heat is lost from the body.

((Heat is lost from the environment))

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11
Q

in order to maintain a normal body temperature when Body temperature falls the body:

A

Blood vessels constrict so that heat is conserved. Sweat glands do not secrete fluid. Shivering (involuntary contraction of muscles) generates heat, which warms the body.

((Heat is retained))

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12
Q

Where are Most sensors or sensory receptors locate?

A

In the skin.

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13
Q

What are the Signals from the cold-sensing receptors of the hypothalamus:

A

✓ Vasoconstriction
✓ To tremble
✓ It triggers cellular metabolism and epinephrine release.

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14
Q

What are the Signals from the heat-sensing receptors of the hypothalamus?

A

✓ Sweating
✓ It triggers peripheral vasodilation.

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15
Q

What are the FACTORS AFFECTING BODY TEMPERATURE?

A

Age
Exercise
Hormone
Stress
Environment

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16
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

body temperature below 36 ° C or 96.8 ° F

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17
Q

What is Hyperthermia?

A

Over heating.

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18
Q

In Diurnal Variations الاختلافات النهارية Circadian Rhythms The highest body temperature is
generally reached between?

A

16:00 and 18:00 while the lowest body temperature is reached between
04:00 and 06:00 during sleep.

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19
Q

In (Circadian Rhythms): Body temperature varies throughout the day, varying
by as much as

A

1.0°C (1.8°F )

20
Q

Women usually experience more hormonal fluctuations than men. In women
secretion of the hormone

A

((progesterone)) during ovulation raises body temperature by
approximately ((0.3°C to 0.6°C (0.5°F to 1.0°F )).

21
Q

What is The normal range for adults temperature?

A

The normal range considered to be 36°C and 37.5°C (96.8°F and 99.5°F ).

22
Q

What is Pyrexia?

A

Having a body temperature above normal body temperature is called pyrexia.

23
Q

pyrexia, hyperthermia, what is ((Hyperpyrexia))?

A

Is when the body temperature reaches a very high
value, such as 41°C (105.8°F ).

24
Q

What is febrile and afebrile.

A

the presence of hyperthermia in an individual febrile

the absence of hyperthermia in the individual is called afebrile

25
Q

What are 4 types of fever:

A
  1. Intermittent Fever سخونة متقطعة
  2. Remittent Fever
  3. Relapsing Fever سخونة منتكسة
  4. Constant Fever سخونة مستمرة
26
Q

In this type of fever, body temperature changes at regular intervals with periods
of fever, normal or subnormal temperatures what type is it?

A

Intermittent Fever

27
Q

In cases of illness such as a cold or influenza, the individual experiences fever, and
fluctuations in body temperature occur, all above normal (more than 2°C [3.6°F] ) within 24 hours.

A

Remittent Fever

28
Q

In this type of fever, short-term fever periods of a few days are observed along
with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal body temperature.

A

Relapsing Fever

29
Q

In this type of fever, body temperature fluctuates very little but is always above
normal.

A

Constant Fever

30
Q

Occurs as a result of excessive heat and dehydration

A

Heat exhaustion

31
Q

usually occurs when individuals exercise in hot weather.
The individual experience delirium, loss of consciousness, or seizures.

A

Heatstroke

32
Q

What are Clinical Signs of Fever:

A

▪ Increased heart rate
▪ Increased respiratory rate and depth
▪ Shivering
▪ Pallid, cold skin
▪ Complaints of feeling cold
▪ Cyanotic nail beds
▪ «Gooseflesh» appearance of the skin
▪ Cessation of sweating

33
Q

What are NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH
HYPOTHERMIA?

A

✓Provide a warm environment.
✓Provide dry clothing.
✓Apply warm blankets.
✓Keep limbs close to the body.
✓Cover the patient’s scalp with a cap.
✓Supply warm oral or intravenous (IV) fluids.
✓Apply warming pads.

34
Q

What is The normal body temperature value after oral administration?

A

37°C on average.

35
Q

What is the Normal body temperature value via rectal route?

A

is 37.5°C on average

36
Q

When measuring in adults and children over the age of 3 in Evaluation of Body Temperature from the Tympanic Membrane?

A

the auricle should be positioned upwards and backward.

37
Q

When measuring in children under the age of 3 in Evaluation of Body Temperature from the Tympanic Membrane?

A

should be pulled downwards and
backward.

38
Q

How long A normal adult inspiration lasts?

A

A normal adult inspiration lasts 1 to 1.5 seconds, and an expiration lasts 2 to 3 seconds

39
Q

The normal respiratory rate is?

A

12-20 per minute.

40
Q

Abnormally slow respirations are referred to as

A

bradypnea

41
Q

Abnormally fast respirations are called

A

tachypnea or polypnea.

42
Q

the absence of breathing.

A

Apnea

43
Q

What are some Factors Affecting Respiration

A

Body position like semi Fowler

Hemoglobin function

44
Q

is the condition characterized by complete absence of oxygen supply to tissue.

A

Anoxia

45
Q

is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by
progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease
that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea.
The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds 2 minutes.

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

FON (3 decks)

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