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Words To Work On > Vital Sign Associated Words > Flashcards

Vital Sign Associated Words Flashcards

1
Q

Basal metabolic rate (bmr)

A

Basal metabolism accounts for the heat produced by the body at absolute rest. The average basal metabolic rate depends on the body surface area.

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2
Q

Non shivering thermogenesis

A

Occurs primarily in neonates Because they cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown tissue, present at birth, is metabolized for heat production.

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3
Q

Identify for Ways the body loses heat.

A

Through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation.

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4
Q

Radiation

A

The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.

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5
Q

Peripheral vasodilation vs construction

A

Peripheral vasodilation increases blood flow from the internal organs to the skin to increase radiant heat loss. Peripheral vasoconstriction minimizes radiant heat loss.

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6
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact. For example an ice pack too warm for head.

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7
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat away by air movement. A fan promotes heat loss through convection.

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8
Q

Evaporation

A

The transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas. The body continuously loses heat by evaporation approximately 600 to 900 mL A day evaporates from the skin and lungs.

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9
Q

Diaphoresis

A

visible perspiration primarily occurring on the four head and upper thorax although you can see it on other places on the body. For each hour of exercise and heart conditions approximately 1 L of body fluid is lost in sweat.

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10
Q

Factors affecting body temperature

A

Age, exercise, hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, environment, temptation alteration.

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11
Q

Hyperthermia

A

An elevated body temperature related to the inability of the body to promote heat loss or reduce heat production.

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12
Q

Heatstroke

A

Defined as a body temp of 40 degrees Celsius or 104 degrees Fahrenheit or more.

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13
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Occurs when profuse Diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss. Caused by environmental heat exposure- patient exhibits signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit.

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14
Q

Hypothermia

A

He lost during prolonged exposure to cold overwhelms the ability of the body to produce heat, causing hypothermia. When skin temperature drops below 35°C or 95°F the patient suffers uncontrolled shivering, loss of memory, depression, and poor judgment.

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15
Q

Antipyretics

A

Medications that fever.

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16
Q

Pyrogens

A

Bacteria and viruses that elevated body temperature. Pyrogens act as antigens, triggering immune system responses.

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17
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart during one minute. This is the product of heart rate and the stroke volume of the ventricle.

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18
Q

Thermoregularion

A

The physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate balance between heat lost and heat produced

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19
Q

Categories of pulse strength

A

4+ equals bounding, 3+ equals full increased, strong, 2+ equals expected, one plus equals barely palpable, diminished, Zero equals absent or not palpable.

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20
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of gases in and out of the lungs. This is assessed by determining respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm.

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21
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells. This is assessed by determining oxygen saturation.

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22
Q

Perfusion

A

The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries. This can be assessed by determining oxygen saturation.

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23
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low levels of arterial oxygen. Hypoxemia helps to control ventilation in patients with chronic lung disease. Administration of high oxygen levels is fatal for patients with chronic lung disease.

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24
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Excess CO2

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25
Q

The amount of air taken in on a normal breathor tidal volume

A

500 mL

26
Q

Characteristics to include in an assessment of respiration

A

Rate, depth, rhythm.

27
Q

Eight factors influencing character of respirations

A

Exercise, acute pain, anxiety, smoking, body position, medications, neurological injury, hemoglobin function.

28
Q

Point of maximal impulse or PMI

A

The apical impulse

29
Q

Alterations in breathing patterns

A

Bradypnea, tachypnea, hyperpnea, apnea, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, cheyne-stokes respiration, kussmauls respiration, biats respiration.

30
Q

Bradypnea

A

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow, less than 12 breaths a minute

31
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid, greater than 20 breaths a minute

32
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in rate, greater than 20 breaths a minute -occurs normally during exercise

33
Q

Apnea

A

Respiration cease for several seconds. Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest.

34
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rate and depth of respirations increase. Hypocarbia sometimes occurs.

35
Q

Hypo ventilation

A

Respiratory rate is abnormally low, and at the ventilation is depressed. Hypercarbia sometimes occurs.

36
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

Respiratory rate and depth are you regular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation. Respiratory cycle begins with slow shallow breaths that gradually increase to add normal rate and depth. The pattern reverses breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes.

37
Q

Kussmauls respiration

A

Respirations are abnormally deep regular and increase in rate

38
Q

Biots respiration

A

Respirations are abnormally shallow for 2 to 3 brass followed by irregular periods of apnea

39
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory alterations

A

Bluish appearance of nailbeds lips mucous membranes and skin, restlessness irritability confusion reduced level of consciousness, pain during inspiration, labored or difficult breathing, ortho piña, use of accessory muscles, inability to breathe it spontaneously,….pg 87 clinical

40
Q

Determining need to assess patients respirations by looking at risk factors of respiratory alterations

A

Fever, pain in examinee, disease of chest wall or muscles, constrictive chest or abdominal dressings, presence of abdominal incisions, gastric distention, chronic pulmonary disease, dramatic injury to chest wall, presence of chest tube, respiratory infection, pulmonary Dema and emboli, Head injury would damage to brainstem, anemia.

41
Q

Patient conditions that may affect pulse ox accuracy

A

Conditions that decrease arterial blood flow such as peripheral vascular disease, hypothermia, pharmacologic vasoconstrictors, hypotension or peripheral edema.

42
Q

Where can a pulse ox probe be placed on a person

A

Earlobe, finger, toe, bridge of nose, or four head.

43
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The peak maximum pressure when ejection occurs

44
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

When the ventricles relax, the blood remaining in the arteries exerts a minimum

45
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart

46
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

47
Q

Six factors that influence blood pressure

A

Age, stress, ethnicity, gender, do you need variation, medications, activity and weight.

48
Q

List the five factors responsible for maintaining blood pressure

A

Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume, viscosity, elasticity.

49
Q

Cardiac output affecting bp

A

As cardiac output increases more blood is pumped against arterial walls causing the blood pressure to rise.

50
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance affecting blood pressure

A

Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance to bloodflow determined by the tone of vascular musculature and diameter of blood vessels. The smaller the lumen of a vessel the greater is the peripheral vascular resistance to bloodflow. As resistance rises arterial blood pressure rises. As vessels dilate and resistance Falls blood pressure drops.

51
Q

Blood volume affecting blood pressure

A

Normally the blood volume remains constant however it an increase in value exerts more pressure against arterial walls. When circulating blood volume falls as in the case of hemorrhage or dehydration blood pressure falls

52
Q

Viscosity affecting bp

A

The thickness or viscosity of blood affects the ease with which blood flows through small vessels. The hematocrit or percentage of red blood cells in the blood, determines blood viscosity when the hematocrit rises and bloodflow slows, arterial blood pressure increases.

53
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood.

54
Q

Elasticity affecting blood pressure

A

In certain diseases such as arteriosclerosis, the vessel walls lose their elasticity and replaced by fibrous tissue that cannot stretch well. Reduced elasticity result in greater resistance to bloodflow. Systolic pressure is more significantly elevated diastolic pressure as a result of reduced arterial elasticity.

55
Q

Koritkoff phases of bp

A

Phase 1 equals a sharp dump, phase 2 equals a blowing or whooshing sound, phase 3 equals a crisp intense tapping, phase 4 equals a softer blowing sound that fades, phase 5 equals silence.

56
Q

SpO2

A

Proipheral tissue

57
Q

SaO2

A

Arterial blood

58
Q

Hypertension

A

Most common alteration in blood pressure. Often asymptomatic. Diastolic readings greater than 90 mm HG and systolic readings greater than 140 mm HG define hypertension.

59
Q

Hypotension

A

Present when the systolic blood pressure falls to 90 MM HG or below. Occurs because of the dilation of the arteries in the vascular bed, The loss of a substantial amount of blood volume or the failure of the heart muscle to pump adequately.

60
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Referred to as postural hypotension, occurs when a normotensive person develops symptoms and low bp when rising to an upright position.

61
Q

4 types of adventitious lung sounds

A

Crackles, wheezes, rhonchi, pleural friction.

62
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate tissue percussion results in an inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells.

Words To Work On (9 decks)

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