Visual Systems

Question 1

Visual system is served by ___ of the optic nerve (CN II)

Answer 1

SSA

Question 2

Rods and cones are modified ___?

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

Photoreceptors only form ___ potentials, and the neurotransmitter is?

Answer 3

Graded

Glutamate

Question 4

100 million rods give us ___ vision

Answer 4

Night

Question 5

3 types of ___ give us our color vision

Answer 5

Cones

Question 6

Ganglion cells for the optic N project directly to the lateral ___ nucleus of the ___. Also serves the ___, superior colliculus and ___ nucleus of brain stem.

Answer 6

Geniculate
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pretectal

Question 7

Horizontal cell of the retina inhibit neighbors, neurotransmitter =

Answer 7

GABA

Question 8

Neurotransmitter of amacrine cells:

Answer 8

GABA
Glycine
Dopamine
ACh

Question 9

Optic disk =

Answer 9

Blind spot

Question 10

Fovea centralis=

Answer 10

Highest acuity

Question 11

Fovea centralis is the (HIGHEST/ LEAST) concentration of interneurons

Answer 11

Least

There are no interneurons

Question 12

Most fibers of the optic tract terminate in the ___ nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 12

Lateral geniculate

Question 13

Some fibers of optic tract pass the ___ nucleus and the superior ___.

Answer 13

Pretectal nucleus

Superior colliculus

Question 14

2 pathways from the lateral geniculate nucleus:
Superior =
Inferior =

Answer 14

Optic radiation

Meyers loop

Question 15

Optic radiation (superior) and Meyers loop both converge on area ___

Answer 15

17

Question 16

Meyers loop destination in the occipital lobe= ___ gyrus

Answer 16

Lingual gyrus

Question 17

The optic radiation will carry information to upper bank of ___ sulcus

Answer 17

Calcarine sulcus—— cuneus

Question 18

1- Rod/ cones are specialized neurons in retina
2- bipolar neurons are ___ order sensory
3- ganglion cells are ___ order sensory
4- neurons of ____ are 3rd order sensory neurons

Answer 18

1st order
2nd order
Lateral geniculate

Question 19

Total blindness of one eye=

Answer 19

Anopia

Question 20

Bitemporal hemianopia=

Answer 20

Loss of vision on both temporal part of vision

Question 21

Homonymous=

Answer 21

Same side

Question 22

Upper or lower hemisphere vision loss =

Answer 22

Altitudinal hemianopia

Question 23

Pupillary light reflexes are direct and ___

Answer 23

Consensual

Question 24

Lesion of CN ___ will cause loss of consensual pupillary light reflex

Answer 24

III

Question 25

Lesion of CN ___ will cause loss of direct pupillary light reflex

Answer 25

II

Question 26

Convergence-accommodation reaction is essential for ___ and ___ at close range

Answer 26

Visual fixation

Acuity

Question 27

Frontal eye field area __- responsible for voluntary eye movements

Answer 27

6

Question 28

Occipital eye field ___ and ___ responsible for involuntary ____ movements

Answer 28

Pursuit/ tracing