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2007PSY > Visual System > Flashcards

Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

The aperture or gap that controls the amount of light entering the next chamber of the eye. Size is controlled by the iris.

A

pupil

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2
Q

Bring visual images into sharp focus by acting as a fine adjustment to the cornea. Behind the pupil.

A

lens

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3
Q

Small round window that enables light to enter the eye

A

cornea

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4
Q

A ring of muscles that gives the eye its colour

A

iris

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5
Q

Tough white tissue that covers the eye

A

sclera

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6
Q

How many rods are there?

A

120 million

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7
Q

How many cones are there?

A

6 million

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8
Q

Cones are used to see

A

light and colour

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9
Q

Rods are used to see in the

A

dark

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10
Q

Most of the rods are located in the

A

periphery

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11
Q

Most cones are in the centre or in the

A

fovea

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12
Q

Which cells project laterally or sideways and interconnect the photoreceptors?

A

horizontal cells

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13
Q

Both rods and cones contain special chemicals called

A

photopigments

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14
Q

What do photopigments do?

A

absorb light and transduce it into neural information

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15
Q

What is the response of an on-centre cell?

A

on response when light is in centre of field, off response when light is in periphery of the field.

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16
Q

What is the response of an off-centre cell?

A

off response when light is in the centre of the field, on response when the light is in the periphery of the field

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17
Q

The sensory area detected by a group of photoreceptors that converge onto an individual ganglion cell and contribute to its neural activity is known as?

A

receptive field

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18
Q

What is the colour opponent theory?

A

Each detector produces 2 colour sensations which also oppose each other (red-green, yellow-blue, black-white)

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19
Q

What links the bipolar and ganglion cells?

A

amacrine cells

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20
Q

Bipolar cells project to what cells?

A

ganglion cells

21
Q

What is the optic nerve made out of?

A

axons of the ganglion cells

22
Q

The part where two optic nerves cross over each other is called the?

A

optic chiasm

23
Q

Where does 80% of visual information terminate?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus

24
Q

what cells is the lateral geniculate nucleus composed of?

A

magnocellular and parvoocellular cells

25
Q

the superior colliculus is responsible for?

A

saccadic eye movement

26
Q

The optic tract that doesn’t go to the lateral geniculate nucleus branches out to:

A

suprachiamatic nucleus, pretectum, superior colliculus.

27
Q

A simple cell in the visual cortex has a receptive field (at the retina) that is

A

Elongated with on and off components (responding best to a stationary line in the correct orientation)

28
Q

A complex cell in the visual cortex:

A

Responds maximally when a line is anywhere in its receptive field providing it is in the correct orientation

29
Q

A hypercomplex cell responds best to?

A

a line in a specific orientation and of a certain length

30
Q

We have 2 eyes (left and right) but one visual world. This convergence of visual input is called?

A

occular dominance

31
Q

The dorsal pathway is where?

A

parietal lobe

32
Q

the ventral pathway is where?

A

temporal lobe

33
Q

The dorsal pathway is also known as the

A

where pathway

34
Q

the ventral pathway is also known as the

A

what pathway

35
Q

Prosopagnosia is when you can’t

A

recognise faces

36
Q

Simultanagnosia is when you are unable to

A

put a scene together and make sense of it

37
Q

Someone who has ocular apraxia is unable to

A

make a systematic scan and has wondering eyes

38
Q

optic ataxia is?

A

unable to reach for objects

39
Q

someone with associative agnosia can’t identify

A

what

40
Q

someone with appercetive agnosia can’t identify

A

where (man who mistook wife for a hat)

41
Q

Cells in the blobs found in the visual cortex are involved in?

A

colour perception

42
Q

Orientation detection is first coded by

A

simple cortical cells

43
Q

The range of electromagnetic energy visible to humans falls between

A

400 and 750 nm

44
Q

Which cell type responds to high contrast and colour?

A

P cells

45
Q

Motion information is conveyed by

A

M cells

46
Q

Four of the six LGN layers contain ?

A

Parvocellular layers

47
Q

common in older people and the reduced ability of the lens to accommodate is called

A

presbyopia

48
Q

Myopia is?

A

unable to see things clearly from far away

2007PSY (5 decks)

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