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2007PSY > CNS/PNS > Flashcards

CNS/PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things is the Central nervous system composed of?

A

the brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

the peripheral nervous system is divided into what 2 main systems?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

What 2 divisions is the autonomic nervous system made up of?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

What part of the peripheral nervous system cause the fight or flight response?

A

sympathetic division

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5
Q

What part of the peripheral nervous system normalises the effects of sympathetic activity and acts to conserve energy or maintain resting body function?

A

parasympathetic division

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6
Q

What is the name of the chemicals secreted by the endocrine system?

A

hormones

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7
Q

Which system is in charge of secreting hormones?

A

The endocrine system

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8
Q

What part of the brain controls hormone release?

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

what parts of the body secrete hormones?

A

thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, gonads (testes and ovaries)

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10
Q

What controls the pituitary gland?

A

the hypothalamus

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11
Q

What are the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine)?

A

increases sympathetic arousal and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen

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12
Q

What increases sympathetic arousal and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen?

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

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13
Q

What two glucocorticoids are produced by the adrenal cortex?

A

cortisol and cortisone

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14
Q

What main action does cortisol have?

A

it adapts the body to long-term stress

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15
Q

grey matter is?

A

comprising cell bodies

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16
Q

white matter is?

A

comprising myelinated axons

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17
Q

What does the dorsal root of the spinal nerve provide?

A

pathways that relay sensory information into the spinal cord

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18
Q

What does the ventral root provide?

A

motor pathways that controls the muscles of the body

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19
Q

What is the oldest part of the brain stem?

A

medulla

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20
Q

What does the medulla control?

A

controls breathing, heart rate, salivation and vomitting.

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21
Q

Where can the reticular formation be found?

A

In the pons

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22
Q

What is the reticular formation involved in?

A

arousal

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23
Q

What serves as the main junction between the cerebellum and the rest of the brain?

A

the pons

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24
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

the co-ordination of muscular activity required for smooth automated movement

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25
Where can you find the cranial nerves?
In the medulla and pons
26
Who discovered the cranial nerves?
Galen
27
What does Olfactory control?
smell
28
What does optic control?
vision
29
Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens are _______
cranial nerves in charge of muscles that move the eye
30
The trigeminal cranial nerve controls?
face, sinuses and teeth.
31
What does the facial cranial nerve do?
Controls tongue, soft palate, facial muscles, salivary glands and tear glands.
32
The vestibulocochlear cranial nerve controls the?
inner ear
33
Glossopharyngeal controls?
taste and other mouth sensations like throat muscles.
34
What does the vagus cranial nerve do?
information from internal organs and control of internal organs
35
What does the spinal accessory cranial nerve do?
control neck muscles
36
The hypoglossal cranial nerve controls what?
tongue muscles
37
What is the main function of the thalamus?
act as a relay station for information destined for the cerebral cortex.
38
What is the hypothalamus in charge of?
autonomic and endocrine systems. homeostasis.
39
What is the name of the two wrinkled symmetrical hemispheres in the brain?
the cerebral cortex
40
Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallid us are the three main structures of what?
The basal ganglia
41
What are the three main structures of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus, putamen and glubus pallid.
42
What is the basal ganglia involved in?
the co-ordination of motor activity, allowing it to be smooth and fluent without thinking.
43
What two parts make up the midbrain?
Tegmentum and tectum
44
Superior and inferior colliculi can be found in the?
Tectum which is in the midbrain
45
What is the superior colliculi involved in?
visual processing and reflexes such as blinking and orientation
46
What is the inferior colliculi involved in?
auditory processing
47
What are the 5 parts of the limbic system?
hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, fornix and cingulate gyrus
48
What does the limbic system play a major role in?
producing drives, motivation and emotions, determining human behaviour, feelings of pleasure, anxiety and fear.
49
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
motor and planning
50
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Body sensations
51
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
hearing and visual
52
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision
53
The two cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other by a huge fibre bundle called the?
Corpus Callosum (300million axons)
54
The inferior and superior colliculi compose the
tectum
55
The difference between sensory and motor pathways is least distinct in
the cortex
56
The grey matter of the brain is composed of
neuronal soma
57
The cranial and spinal nerves, plus the peripheral ganglia, form the
peripheral nervous system
58
What provides a measure of protection for the neurons that form the CNS
meninges, blood-brain barrier and the skull.
59
Primary visual cortex is located within which cortical lobe?
occipital
60
Regions of the cortex that are NOT primarily concerned with sensation or movement are termed
association cortex
61
Which cortical lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal
62
To which major region of the basal ganglia does the substantial nigra project?
striatum
63
Which is the area of the cerebral cortex that lies anterior to the central sulcus?
frontal lobes
64
The two main structures of the diencephalon are the
hypothalamus and the thalamus

2007PSY (5 decks)

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