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2007PSY > CNS/PNS > Flashcards

CNS/PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things is the Central nervous system composed of?

A

the brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

the peripheral nervous system is divided into what 2 main systems?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

What 2 divisions is the autonomic nervous system made up of?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

What part of the peripheral nervous system cause the fight or flight response?

A

sympathetic division

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5
Q

What part of the peripheral nervous system normalises the effects of sympathetic activity and acts to conserve energy or maintain resting body function?

A

parasympathetic division

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6
Q

What is the name of the chemicals secreted by the endocrine system?

A

hormones

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7
Q

Which system is in charge of secreting hormones?

A

The endocrine system

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8
Q

What part of the brain controls hormone release?

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

what parts of the body secrete hormones?

A

thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, gonads (testes and ovaries)

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10
Q

What controls the pituitary gland?

A

the hypothalamus

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11
Q

What are the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine)?

A

increases sympathetic arousal and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen

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12
Q

What increases sympathetic arousal and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen?

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

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13
Q

What two glucocorticoids are produced by the adrenal cortex?

A

cortisol and cortisone

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14
Q

What main action does cortisol have?

A

it adapts the body to long-term stress

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15
Q

grey matter is?

A

comprising cell bodies

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16
Q

white matter is?

A

comprising myelinated axons

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17
Q

What does the dorsal root of the spinal nerve provide?

A

pathways that relay sensory information into the spinal cord

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18
Q

What does the ventral root provide?

A

motor pathways that controls the muscles of the body

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19
Q

What is the oldest part of the brain stem?

A

medulla

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20
Q

What does the medulla control?

A

controls breathing, heart rate, salivation and vomitting.

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21
Q

Where can the reticular formation be found?

A

In the pons

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22
Q

What is the reticular formation involved in?

A

arousal

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23
Q

What serves as the main junction between the cerebellum and the rest of the brain?

A

the pons

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24
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

the co-ordination of muscular activity required for smooth automated movement

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25
Q

Where can you find the cranial nerves?

A

In the medulla and pons

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26
Q

Who discovered the cranial nerves?

A

Galen

27
Q

What does Olfactory control?

A

smell

28
Q

What does optic control?

A

vision

29
Q

Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens are _______

A

cranial nerves in charge of muscles that move the eye

30
Q

The trigeminal cranial nerve controls?

A

face, sinuses and teeth.

31
Q

What does the facial cranial nerve do?

A

Controls tongue, soft palate, facial muscles, salivary glands and tear glands.

32
Q

The vestibulocochlear cranial nerve controls the?

A

inner ear

33
Q

Glossopharyngeal controls?

A

taste and other mouth sensations like throat muscles.

34
Q

What does the vagus cranial nerve do?

A

information from internal organs and control of internal organs

35
Q

What does the spinal accessory cranial nerve do?

A

control neck muscles

36
Q

The hypoglossal cranial nerve controls what?

A

tongue muscles

37
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

act as a relay station for information destined for the cerebral cortex.

38
Q

What is the hypothalamus in charge of?

A

autonomic and endocrine systems. homeostasis.

39
Q

What is the name of the two wrinkled symmetrical hemispheres in the brain?

A

the cerebral cortex

40
Q

Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallid us are the three main structures of what?

A

The basal ganglia

41
Q

What are the three main structures of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen and glubus pallid.

42
Q

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

A

the co-ordination of motor activity, allowing it to be smooth and fluent without thinking.

43
Q

What two parts make up the midbrain?

A

Tegmentum and tectum

44
Q

Superior and inferior colliculi can be found in the?

A

Tectum which is in the midbrain

45
Q

What is the superior colliculi involved in?

A

visual processing and reflexes such as blinking and orientation

46
Q

What is the inferior colliculi involved in?

A

auditory processing

47
Q

What are the 5 parts of the limbic system?

A

hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, fornix and cingulate gyrus

48
Q

What does the limbic system play a major role in?

A

producing drives, motivation and emotions, determining human behaviour, feelings of pleasure, anxiety and fear.

49
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

motor and planning

50
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Body sensations

51
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

hearing and visual

52
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

53
Q

The two cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other by a huge fibre bundle called the?

A

Corpus Callosum (300million axons)

54
Q

The inferior and superior colliculi compose the

A

tectum

55
Q

The difference between sensory and motor pathways is least distinct in

A

the cortex

56
Q

The grey matter of the brain is composed of

A

neuronal soma

57
Q

The cranial and spinal nerves, plus the peripheral ganglia, form the

A

peripheral nervous system

58
Q

What provides a measure of protection for the neurons that form the CNS

A

meninges, blood-brain barrier and the skull.

59
Q

Primary visual cortex is located within which cortical lobe?

A

occipital

60
Q

Regions of the cortex that are NOT primarily concerned with sensation or movement are termed

A

association cortex

61
Q

Which cortical lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal

62
Q

To which major region of the basal ganglia does the substantial nigra project?

A

striatum

63
Q

Which is the area of the cerebral cortex that lies anterior to the central sulcus?

A

frontal lobes

64
Q

The two main structures of the diencephalon are the

A

hypothalamus and the thalamus

2007PSY (5 decks)

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