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2007PSY > Audition and others senses > Flashcards

Audition and others senses Flashcards

1
Q

Frequency is normally expressed as ?

A

Hertz (hz)

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2
Q

the number of waves that pass at a given point in a given time is known as?

A

frequency

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3
Q

The wavelength of a sound is perceived as?

A

pitch

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4
Q

The amplitude of sound is perceived as?

A

loudness

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5
Q

The fleshy outer part of the ear is called the?

A

pinna

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6
Q

The auditory canal or ear canal leads to the?

A

tympanic membrane

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7
Q

the tympanic membrane is also known as the?

A

ear drum

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8
Q

The 3 smallest bones in the body, also known as the ossicles are?

A

melleus, incus and stapes

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9
Q

What brings the ossicles into motion?

A

vibration from the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

vibrations in the ossicles cause the _____ to hit the ______

A

stapes, oval window

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11
Q

The spiral bony structure in the inner ear is known as the?

A

cochlea

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12
Q

The complex part of the ear is composed of 3 cavities:

A

vestibule, cochlea and semicircular canals

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13
Q

The cochlea has 3 fluid filled canals:

A

scala vestiboli, scala media and scala tympani

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14
Q

between the scala vestibule and scala tympani there is a flexible membrane wall which contains the?

A

round window

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15
Q

The scala vestiboli is separated from the scala media by the?

A

basilar membrane

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16
Q

Important for hearing as it contains specialised hairs that turn acoustic energy into nerve impulses?

A

basilar memberane

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17
Q

The organ or corti has?

A

2 sets of sensory hair cells

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18
Q

the fine finger-like protrusions of upward facing hair cells are called?

A

cilia

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19
Q

The 8th cranial nerve, the auditory nerve is also known as the?

A

cochlear nerve

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20
Q

The cochlear nuclei is located in the ?

A

upper part of the medulla

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21
Q

They system by which information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membrane is known as?

A

place theory

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22
Q

The system by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing neurons in the auditory system is known as the?

A

frequency theory or rate code.

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23
Q

The olfactory system has seven basic types of receptor, with each odorant molecule fitting into on type of site, this is known as?

A

stereochemical theory of olfaction

24
Q

raised bumps on tongue containing taste buds/ receptor cells are known as?

A

papillae

25
Q

Pain is information that is modified by the shutting or opening of a gate-like mechanism in an area of the spinal cord called the substantia gelatinosa. this is known as?

A

the gate theory of pain

26
Q

If a skeletal muscle is examined closely with a microscope it is found to consist of a large mass of long thin____

A

muscle fibres

27
Q

Each individual muscle is served by at least one motor neuron known as the

A

alpha motor neuron

28
Q

What deals with the position of the body and its relationship with the external world?

A

proprioception

29
Q

embedded within the layers of most skeletal muscles, lying parallel and squashed within their fibres, are specialised proprioceptors called?

A

muscle spindles

30
Q

What lies at the point of attachment between muscles and the collagen firers that form the tendons?

A

Golgi tendon organs

31
Q

What provides information about muscle tension or force of contraction?

A

golgi tendon organs

32
Q

how is information from golgi tendon organs relayed to the interneurons of the spinal cord?

A

ib sensory fibres

33
Q

A reflex which only requires one synapse is called?

A

monosynaptic reflex

34
Q

The vestibular system provides information about?

A

position and movement of the head

35
Q

The vestibular system has two main components:

A

semicircular canals and otolith organs

36
Q

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

A

relay sensory information about rotational movements of the head to the brain

37
Q

Frequency of sound waves roughly corresponds to our perception of

A

pitch

38
Q

In the cochlea, the part of the basilar membrane furthest from the oval windows codes:

A

low frequencies

39
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex is found in the

A

post central gyrus

40
Q

the secondary somatosensory cortex is located in the

A

parietal lobe

41
Q

What will cause a muscle to relax?

A

absence of acetylcholine

42
Q

What is the characteristic of a ballistic reflex movement?

A

it proceeds automatically once it has been triggered

43
Q

the amplitude of a sound wave translates to

A

intensity of a sound

44
Q

Sound levels above what produce pain?

A

130 db

45
Q

ability to distinguish between the same note on different instruments is due to?

A

timbre

46
Q

What structure is responsible for translating sound into vibrations?

A

organ of corgi

47
Q

The secondary auditory cortex is activated by what complex types of stimuli?

A

clicks or general bursts of noise

48
Q

Different frequencies are processed in different locations, this is called?

A

tonotopic organisation

49
Q

Binaural neurons are involved in localisation of sound are located in the

A

superior olive

50
Q

Conduction loss is?

A

hearing loss resulting from problems in the outer or middle ears

51
Q

Vibrations from a loud stereo can be sensed by your

A

pacinian corpuscles

52
Q

What mechanoreceptor has a small receptive field and rapid rates of adaptation?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

53
Q

The Neural receptors for olfaction are contained within the

A

olfactory epithelium

54
Q

Olfaction is unique among the major senses in that

A

information travels to the neocortex without first synapsing in the thalamus

55
Q

Which nucleus in the thalamus receives information regarding taste?

A

central posterior medial nucleus

56
Q

Muscles that straighten joints are referred to as

A

extensors

57
Q

without this the intrafusal fibers cannot give the brain accurate information about how far the muscle was stretched which gives fine limb position

A

gamma motor neurons

2007PSY (5 decks)

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