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neuroscience applicationa > Visual system > Flashcards

Visual system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 purposes of visual system

A

Brightness and motion detection

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2
Q

What is a visual field?

A

Area visable with eyes wihtout mvoing the head

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3
Q

Where is the center of vision?

A

Fovea

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4
Q

Looking with the fovea gives us ______?

This is the reason we scan as we take in info and why our eyes jump from place to place

A

visual acuity.

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5
Q

THe blind spot is where _____ exits into the brain

A

the optic nerve. Perceptual fill in occurs

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6
Q

Name the five types of neurons found in the retina and their purpose

A
  1. Bipolar cell-first relay info after transduction occurs
  2. Ganglion cell- form a bundle making the optic nerve
  3. Horizontal 4. amacrine- spread out the signal
  4. Rods and Cones-Transduction
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7
Q

Compare Rods characteristics to cones

A 
Rods outnumber cones
Rods are found in all parts of the retina except the fovea
Rods are more sensitive to light
Rods are larger and more densely packed
Rods offer poor resolution
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8
Q

Compare cones to rods

A

Cones are concentrated in fovea
They are for acute vision and high resolution
Color vision

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9
Q

Track the 8 steps of the Geniculocalcarine tract

A
  1. Retina
  2. optic nerve
  3. Optic chiasm
  4. optic tract
  5. lateral geniculate nucleus
  6. optic radiations
  7. occipital or primary visual cortex
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10
Q

V1 is which Broadman’s area?

A

area 17

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11
Q

Secondary visual cortex, V2 and tiertiary visual cortex are which Broadman’s areas?

A

V2=18

V3=19

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12
Q

Track the ANS pathway of the light reflex

A
  1. light to eye
  2. optic nerve
  3. optic chiasm
  4. pretectal nucleus
  5. Edger Westbaum nucleus
  6. Occulomotor nerve
    Leads to the constriction of pupil
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13
Q

What does the Superior colliculus do for vision?

Think of the TREX in jurasic park

A

monitors movement in periphery
controls saccadic eye movement
detects movement, position and contour of objects
Orients eyes to movement

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14
Q

Where is the inferior route of the frontal projections occur?

A

Posterior temporal lobe

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15
Q

What does the inferior route of frontal projections do?

A

It gives the “What” by combining with language and audition areas. Gets info from the fovea for lots of detail

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16
Q

What are the functions of the inferior route?

A

Object formation, classification, recognition,

attention to visual detail

17
Q

Where is the superior route of frontal projection located and what does it do?

A

Parietal lobe. It gives you the where information. It integrates with proprioception, tactile, kinesthesia, vestibular and auditory inputs

18
Q

What are the functions of the superior route of the frontal projections?

A

Orienting body position in space

Identification of objects in space, and their relationship to each other and the body

19
Q

What do the frontal eye fields do?

A

Voluntary visual search of contralateral space based on an expectation of where visual information can be found

20
Q

When does light perception occur?

A

7-8 months gestation

21
Q

When does accomodation, convergence and binocular vision occur?

A

2-4 months

22
Q

When does visual discrimination of faces and spatial mapping occur?

A

7-10 months

23
Q

What are the developmental concerns in blindness

A 
Potentially impaired milestones in:
 attachment and social communication
preverbal communication
low tone
fear of movement
Generally kids catch up around school age
24
Q

List the order from bottom to top of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy (there are 6)

A
  1. Foundational Skills
  2. Visual Attention
  3. Visual Scanning
  4. Pattern recognition
  5. Visual memory
  6. Visual Cognition
25
Q

What are characteristics of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy stage Foundational Skills?

A

Visual fields
Acuity
Oculomotor control
Coordination of eye and head movement

26
Q

What are characteristics of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy stage Visual Attention

A

Attention is engaged by novelty
Protective function: alert to changes in environment
Cognitive function: gathering information

27
Q

What is homonymous hemianopia?

A

Loss of vision in either right or left half of each eye

28
Q

What is non-homonymous hemianopsia?

A

Loss of temporal or nasal half of visual field

29
Q

What are characteristics of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy stage; Visual scanning

A

Scanning: saccadic eye movements

30
Q

What are characteristics of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy stage: Pattern Recognition

A

Subserves visual memory

Identifying salient visual features to support identification (general shape and contour, and specific features

31
Q

What are characteristics of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy stage: Visual memory

A

Create and remember in minds eye while engaging in analysis of objects
Storage and retrieval in short term memory

32
Q

What are characteristics of Warren’s Visual Perceptual Hierarchy stage:Visual Cognition

A

Prefrontal functions

Forms foundations for academics

33
Q

Characteristics of Cortical visual impairment

A

Disturbance of posterior visual pathways/occipital lobe

Deficits vary

34
Q

Characteristics of visual perceptual deficits in adults

A

Often seen following a stroke, TBI, or other neurological disesases
3rd and 6th cranial nerve issues (occulomotor and abducens)
Could affect integration and interpretation
Could cause balance issues due to link with vestibular system

35
Q

Characteristics of Perceptual problems in children

A

Letter reversals
Find reasons not to read
Complains that eyes hurt
Re-reads or skips lines

36
Q

characteristics of visual motor deficits

A

Doesn’t leave enough space between words and letters
Letters are hard to determine
Difficulty coloring between the lines
Difficulty with fine motor tasks like cutting gluing and holding pencils

neuroscience applicationa (14 decks)

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