Visual System Flashcards
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can the human eye perceive?
a) Infrared
b) X-rays
c) Visible light
d) Ultraviolet
c) Visible light
What is the range of wavelengths for visible light?
a) 100–300 nm
b) 400–700 nm
c) 700–1200 nm
d) 10–100 nm
b) 400–700 nm
What happens when light enters a slower medium like water?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction towards the perpendicular plane
c) Refraction away from the perpendicular plane
d) Absorption only
b) Refraction towards the perpendicular plane
The iris controls:
a) The shape of the cornea
b) The amount of light entering the retina
c) The lens’ focal length
d) The pressure of the eye
b) The amount of light entering the retina
Which muscle is responsible for changing the lens’ shape for accommodation?
a) Iris muscle
b) Ciliary muscle
c) Rectus muscle
d) Oblique muscle
b) Ciliary muscle
The cornea contributes to:
a) Adjusting the color sensitivity of the eye
b) Focusing most of the light on the retina
c) Controlling the eye’s blood supply
d) Providing nutrients to the lens
b) Focusing most of the light on the retina
Hyperopia occurs when:
a) The eye is too long
b) The image forms before the retina
c) The lens loses flexibility
d) The image forms behind the retina
d) The image forms behind the retina
Myopia is corrected with:
a) Convergent lenses
b) Divergent lenses
c) Cylindrical lenses
d) Convex mirrors
b) Divergent lenses
Rods are concentrated in the:
a) Fovea
b) Periphery of the retina
c) Optic nerve head
d) Lens
b) Periphery of the retina
Which photoreceptor is sensitive to night vision?
a) Rods
b) Cones
c) Bipolar cells
d) Ganglion cells
a) Rods
The pigment in cones is:
a) Rhodopsin
b) Photopsin
c) Melanin
d) Hemoglobin
b) Photopsin
What is the recovery time for rods?
a) Immediate
b) 5 seconds
c) 30 minutes
d) 1 hour
c) 30 minutes
Presbyopia results from:
a) Overactive ciliary muscles
b) Decreased lens flexibility
c) Retinal detachment
d) Excessive accommodation
b) Decreased lens flexibility
Which technology helps patients with photoreceptor layer degeneration?
a) LASIK
b) Retinal implants
c) Corneal transplants
d) Convergent lenses
b) Retinal implants
Retinal implants primarily stimulate which cells?
a) Ganglion cells
b) Bipolar cells
c) Rods
d) Cones
b) Bipolar cells
In the optic chiasm, which fibers cross over?
a) Nasal fibers
b) Temporal fibers
c) Foveal fibers
d) Peripheral fibers
a) Nasal fibers
The superior colliculus is involved in:
a) Detecting color
b) Orienting the eyes to stimuli
c) Processing fine detail
d) Perception of depth
b) Orienting the eyes to stimuli
Hemispatial neglect occurs due to damage in the:
a) Parietal lobe
b) Occipital lobe
c) Temporal lobe
d) Cerebellum
a) Parietal lobe
The fovea is specialized for:
a) Night vision
b) High spatial acuity and color discrimination
c) Peripheral vision
d) Blind spot compensation
b) High spatial acuity and color discrimination
What causes the blind spot in the human eye?
a) Lack of cones in the periphery
b) Absence of photoreceptors at the optic nerve exit
c) Damage to the lens
d) Overlapping of rods and cones
b) Absence of photoreceptors at the optic nerve exit
Which layer of the retina contains photoreceptors?
a) Ganglion cell layer
b) Photoreceptor layer (deepest)
c) Optic nerve layer
d) Bipolar cell layer
b) Photoreceptor layer (deepest)
Which characteristic is true for cones?
a) Higher concentration in the periphery
b) Specialized for daytime vision
c) More sensitive to dim light
d) Responsible for black-and-white vision
b) Specialized for daytime vision
Rods are more sensitive to:
a) Blue light
b) High-energy environments
c) Low light (scotopic vision)
d) Rapid movement
c) Low light (scotopic vision)
The retina’s processing of light begins with:
a) Optic nerve
b) Bipolar cells
c) Photoreceptors
d) Ganglion cells
c) Photoreceptors
How is visual information organized in the brain?
a) Left visual field is processed in the left hemisphere
b) Right visual field is processed in the left hemisphere
c) Information from both fields is fully mixed in each hemisphere
d) Temporal fibers cross at the optic chiasm
b) Right visual field is processed in the left hemisphere
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is located in the:
a) Cortex
b) Thalamus
c) Superior colliculus
d) Brainstem
b) Thalamus
What percentage of fibers from the retina are directed to the retinogeniculate pathway?
a) 50%
b) 90%
c) 10%
d) 75%
b) 90%
The superior colliculus is primarily responsible for:
a) Detecting color
b) Orienting head and eyes toward stimuli
c) Coordinating accommodation
d) Analyzing spatial patterns
b) Orienting head and eyes toward stimuli
Which structure ensures consensual pupillary light reflex?
a) Retina
b) LGN
c) Olivary pretectal nucleus
d) V1 Cortex
c) Olivary pretectal nucleus
Visual cortical area V1 is also called:
a) Primary visual cortex
b) Temporal visual cortex
c) Pretectal visual center
d) Optic chiasm
a) Primary visual cortex
Color blindness is most often caused by:
a) Defects in the optic nerve
b) A lack of or defective cones
c) Damage to the retina’s photoreceptor layer
d) Impaired bipolar cells
b) A lack of or defective cones
What is the function of retinal implants in patients with degenerative retinal diseases?
a) Stimulate the optic nerve directly
b) Replace damaged photoreceptors
c) Improve lens accommodation
d) Enhance ganglion cell function
b) Replace damaged photoreceptors
A person with hemispatial neglect typically cannot:
a) See objects in low light
b) Respond to stimuli in the contralesional space
c) Distinguish between colors
d) Focus on close objects
b) Respond to stimuli in the contralesional space
Face inversion effect (FIE) research shows that:
a) Faces are processed like any other object
b) Faces are disproportionately harder to process upside-down compared to objects
c) Facial processing is unaffected by orientation
d) Object orientation has no cognitive impact
b) Faces are disproportionately harder to process upside-down compared to objects
Presbyopia is corrected using:
a) Cylindrical lenses
b) Convergent lenses
c) Divergent lenses
d) Retinal implants
b) Convergent lenses
Presbyopia is corrected using:
a) Cylindrical lenses
b) Convergent lenses
c) Divergent lenses
d) Retinal implants
b) Convergent lenses
