T3

Question 1

Neuroanatomical techniques

Answer 1

Anatomy tells us about anatomical structure of the brain
Gross anatomy of the brain refers to the large, visible structures of te brain that can be observed without the microscope.

Question 2

how to preserve the brain (in rodents)

Answer 2

Perfuse the brain to preserve brain structure: the blood is drained from the brain and the animal vasculature is used to deliver a chemical fixative. Afterwards the brain is immersed in fixative to have better preservations.

Question 3

how to preserve the brain (humans)

Answer 3

• Arterial embalming: infusions of embalming solutions through the right common carotid artery. The chemical is infused utilizing a preserving machine and the embalmer kneads the cadaver to guarantee a legitimate distribution of the embalming fluid.
• Cavity embalming: This is the suction of fluids of the cadaver and the infusing solution into body cavities by utilizing an aspirator and trocar.
• Hypodermic embalming: This is the infusing of the solution under the skin.
• Surface embalming

Question 4

models

Answer 4

When studying the gross anatomy of the brain using models
key regions and structures of the brain are often represented in a simplified, three-dimensional form. Models help students and medical professionals understand the physical relationships between different parts of the brain. Below are the main components of the brain that are commonly highlighted in anatomical models:

Question 5

Cerebrum

Answer 5

Hemispheres: Models typically display the right and left hemispheres of the brain, showing how they are divided by the longitudinal fissure.
Lobes:
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Gyri and Sulci

Question 6

Brainstem

Answer 6

Models often break down the brainstem into three regions:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 7

Diencephalon

Answer 7

Often seen in cross-sectional models or mid-sagittal cuts:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland

Question 8

Ventricles

Answer 8

Models typically illustrate the four brain ventricles (lateral, third, and fourth ventricles) and their connection through channels such as the cerebral aqueduct. These are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cushioning the brain.

Question 9

Cranial Nerves

Answer 9

Some advanced models may include cranial nerves emerging from the brainstem.

Question 10

Cranial Nerves

Answer 10

Some advanced models may include cranial nerves emerging from the brainstem.