Visual Perception

Question 1

What is perception

Answer 1

The process by which we give meaning to sensory info resulting in our personal perception of the the information

Question 2

What are the psychological structure in vision

Answer 2

Eyes
Nervous system
Brain

Question 3

What is reception

Answer 3

The eyes receives incoming light from the environment. The light is then focused onto the retina where an image is formed.

Question 4

Rods

Answer 4

125 million
Night vision
Poor at detecting fine details
Dark nights appear grey

Question 5

Cones

Answer 5

6.5 million
Vision is good in lit conditions
Detects fine details
Colour vision

Question 6

What is transduction

Answer 6

The process by which the photoreceptors change electromagnetic energy(light) into electrical impulses(signals)
This makes it possible for the informations to be recognised by the brain in the occipital lobe

Question 7

What is transmission

Answer 7

It is the process of sending information to the visual cortex in the brain, an area which specialises in receiving and processing visual information

Question 8

Selection

Answer 8

Involves feature detectors cells to filter the visual information, then select the important feature for further processing

Question 9

Organisation

Answer 9

Refers to arranging the features of the visual image in a meaningful

Question 10

Interpretation

Answer 10

The process of giving meaning to the visual information, which means we can understand what we are seeing
We don’t histology past experiences

Question 11

Behavioural perspective VP

Answer 11

VP is primarily a physiological process which starts at the eye and mostly occurs through a complex series of neural events involving extensive interactions between billions of neurons

Question 12

Behavioural perspective VP

Answer 12

Focuses on the role of learning, emphasising the importance of past events and how rewards/punishments may influence our interpretations of events

Question 13

Socia-cultural perspective VO

Answer 13

Personal circumstances/our experiences within a culture can influence the way we process and interpret visual info

Question 14

Figure-ground organisation

Answer 14

We organise visual information by perceptually diving a visual scene into a ‘figure’ which stands out from the ‘ground”
Closure is the line of separation, usually with the figure

Question 15

Closure

Answer 15

Refers to perceptual tendancy to mentally ‘close-up’, fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image and perceive objects as a whole

Question 16

Similarity

Answer 16

Involves the tendancy to perceive parts of a visual image that have similar features as a group

Question 17

Proximity

Answer 17

Is the tendancy to perceive parts of a visual image which are position close together as belonging in a group
E.g letters to make a word

Question 18

What is sensation

Answer 18

The process by which our sense organs/receptors detects and respond to sensory information that stimulates them

Question 19

What is depth perception

Answer 19

Is the ability to accurately estimate the distance of an object and perceive the world as 3D.
Depth cues helps us to translate 2D into 3D

Question 20

What are binocular depth cues

Answer 20

Requires the use of both eyes to provide information to the brain about depth and distance

Question 21

Convergence

Answer 21

The brain detects depth from changes that occur in the eye muscles when they turn inwards to focus on objects
Only necessary if object is 6m away

Question 22

Retinal disparity

Answer 22

Is the slight difference of visual images on our retinas, which enables us to make judgements on objects

Question 23

Monocular depth cues

Answer 23

Requires the use of only one eye to provide the brain with information about depth and distance

Question 24

Accomodation

Answer 24

Automatic adjustment of the lens to focus on an object, depending on how far away it is.

Question 25

What is linear perspective

Answer 25

Is the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they recede into the distance

Question 26

Interposition

Answer 26

Occurs when one object partially blocks another and the partially blocked one is perceived as further away

Question 27

Texture gradient

Answer 27

Refers to the gradual reduction of detail in the surface as it recess into the distance

Question 28

Relative size

Answer 28

Refers to the tendancy to visually see the objects that produces the largest image on the retina as being closer

Question 29

Height

Answer 29

Refers to the location of objects in our field of vision, the closer to the horizon the smaller

Question 30

What are perceptual constancies

Answer 30

Refers to the tendancy to perceive an object as remaining still/unchanging despite any changes in the cast on the retina

Question 31

Size constancy

Answer 31

Recognising that an object stays the same size, even though it moves further away

Question 32

Shape constancy

Answer 32

The tendancy to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any changes in the shape on the retina

Question 33

Brightness constancy

Answer 33

Is the tendancy to perceive an object as maintaining its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings, despite changes in the amount of ,isn't being reflected from the object to the retina.

Question 34

What is our perceptual set

Answer 34

It is the predisposition to perceive something in accordance with what we expect it to be

Question 35

What factors effect our pereceptual set

Answer 35

``` Context Motivation Emotional state Past experiences Cultural factors ```

Question 36

Physiological factors, perceptual set

Answer 36

The way in which our eyes and brain process visual information

Question 37

Psychological factors, perceptual set

Answer 37

Involves mental processes such as past experiences, motivation, memory, language and emotions.