Visual Perception Flashcards by Samantha Ballou

What is visual perception?

Brain’s ability to make sense of what the eyes see

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Diagnosis with high risk for perceptual challenges

SPD or Learning
Stroke
TBI
CP

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Visual analysis skills

Skill that help your brain understand what your looking at
How we analyze details

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Visual-Spatial relations

Spatially related to yourself and other things in the environment

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Abstract visual form system

Using the ventral stream
Stored and processed in nonspecific order
Really quick info to make designs about movement

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Specific Visual Form System

Uses Dorsal Stream
Slower and more detailed
used to distinguish specific aspects of a form

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Form Constancy

look at the details of stimuli and be able to recognize it no matter the orientation
Ex.) knowing words no matter font or color

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Visual Discrimination

Ability to be aware of and distinguish features of form
Needed to recognize common objects
Utilizes details of color, shading and texture

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Figure Ground

locate things in the foreground and ignore the background
Need depth perception, visual memory and fixation

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Visual Closure

Able to determine what an object is even if a part is missing
Correlates with cognitive skills most
Develops later than other areas

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Visual Memory

Being able to recall past information
Long term- integration of info from previous experiences
Short term- hold info briefly (30 sec)

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Sequence of Spatial Relations Development

Awareness of own body
Understanding one object to another 3D
understanding relation of 2 D objects
Develop awareness of before applying (up, down, over, under)

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What lobe is related to Spatial relation deficits

parietal lobe

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Where does body awareness behin

Bilateral integration
Brain using both sides of body at the same time

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Monocular cues for depth perception

Accommodation
Sharpness of focus
Object coming towards you appears larger
vividness of color

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Binocular cues for depth

Need 2 eyes to align
Size and shape of image are compared and merged
Convergence, proprioceptive info from eye muscles tells us distance

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When does depth perception begin

3 months of age and continues to develop until age 6-7

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Topographical Orientation

Ability to follow a familiar route
Follow and drawing a map
Is an advanced perceptual and cognitive skill
Requires many perceptual skills

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Kids intervention for discrimination

sorting objects based one characteristic
puzzles- begin with inset
Find the same letter or design
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Restorative Visual Discrimination intervention

Multi-sensory approach
sorting kitchen utensils
using tactile approaches to feel before completing task

Adaptive intervention for Discrimination

upright orientation for best recognition
Organize and keep items in same location
Label items

Developmental intervention for figure ground

I spy
Find it activities
toys scattered in room/ bin

Restorative Intervention for Figure ground

Scatter items and have client find specific item
Occupations such as grocery shopping
Word search

Adaptive Intervention for Figure Ground

Reduce number of items
organize draws
mark items with bright tape
create contrast
fewer items on a page

developmental intervention for spatial relations

obstacle courses label left and rights directional words paired with movement work on 3D before 2D

Restorative Intervention for spatial Relations

Label themself based on objects have client retrieve items based on cues client names locations of items in environment

Adaptive intervention for spatial relation

Organize environment label items and location of items put objects away in a set location

Restorative intervention for depth perception

tactile and kinesthetic input- feeling distance before performing tactile cues for convergence activities

Adaptive Intervention for depth perception

Bright colored tape on stairs When during feel for edge of hip Educate- especially for safety

Developmental/Restorative for Topographical Disorientation

Children-practive navigating using map for school or obstacle course begin with simple route Draw map of area client will be

Adaptive intervention for topographical disorientation

identify helpful landmarks along routes place signs to help client navigate

24 wks gestation vision

anatomy of eyes and visual pathways present no input

5th month gestation

eye movements from input to vestibular system

Birth

Retina is not mature acuity is about 20/200-400 Reflexive tracking Preference for black and white

1 wk vision

show differential response to patterns attend to more faces and patterns

3 months of age vision

accommodation begins to develop convergence and oculomotor skills developed continue to respons to contrast and complex stimuli associate visual stimuli with event

4 moths vision

can group object by shape and proximity

5-6 months vision

Visual guided reaching can visually explore object in hand

9 months vision

can see small object nearby watches faces differtinates polpe and places Vision motivates movement

2 years vision

eye can track in all directions normal acuity matches objects can point to objects

3 years vision

completes simple form board and simple puzzles

5 years vision

accommodation and contrast fully developed figure ground spurt

6-7 years vision

form constancy improves should see handwriting improve

7-9 years old

position in space at mature level should be able to align and form letters

When is visual acuity best