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Occular Anatomy > Visual Pathway > Flashcards

Visual Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

location where retinal nerve fibers make a 90 degree turn

A

optic disk

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2
Q

blind spot

A
  • complete absence of all retinal layers except NERVE FIBER LAYER and INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE
  • absolute scotoma resulting from lack of photoreceptors in the optic disc
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3
Q

Intraocular segment

A
  • inside the globe
  • contains two segments (1) prelaminar (2)laminar
  • roughly 1mm
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4
Q

Intermediary tissue of Kuhnt

A

Separation from RETINAL LAYERS by glial tissue

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5
Q

Border tissue of Jacoby

A

Separation from CHOROID by glial tissue

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6
Q

Marginal (border) tissue of Elschnig

A

Ring of collagenous tissue of scleral origin, outer to glial sheath

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7
Q

prevents leakage from choriocapillaris

A

tight junctions in the border tissue of jacoby

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8
Q

papillomacular bundle

A

the nerve fiber layer that goes from the macula to the optic disc - temporal side of disc (1/3)

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9
Q

superior and inferior retinal fiber cannot pass what border?

A

horizontal raphe

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10
Q

Thickest retinal disc portion

A

inferior

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11
Q

Thinnest portion of optic disc

A

temporal

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12
Q

ISNT rule

A
  • inferior (thickest) > superior >nasal >temporal (thinnest)
  • counterclock wise thickness from inferior to superior temporal
  • fovea is located slightly inferior to center more axons enter the temporal side inferiorly than superiorly
  • arrangement changes AFTER optic disc
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13
Q

intraorbital portion of optic nerve

A
  • orbit portion (globe to apex)
  • longest portion(roughly 30 mm)
  • surrounded by rectus sheath
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14
Q

which rectus muscles are interconnected to the sheath of the optic nerve?

A

superior and medial rectus

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15
Q

Dura Mater of optic nerve

A

(1) outermost (2) dense connective tissue (3) elastic fibers (4) fuses with arachnoid and pia mater to become continuous with sclera and periorbita

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16
Q

Arachnoid of optic nerve

A

(1) middle meningeal (2) thin collagenous membrane (3) fuses with dura mater and pia mater to become continuous with sclera and periorbita

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17
Q

Pia Mater of optic nerve

A

(1) innermost (2) vascular connective tissue (3) fuses with arachnoid and dura to become continuous with sclera and periorbita (4) ONLY meningeal sheath continuous along INTRACRANIAL portion

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18
Q

Myelination

A

(1) oligodendrocytes (CNS) (2) absent in retina - lamina cribrosa barrier

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19
Q

Subarachnoid space of optic nerve

A

(1) space between arachnoid and pia mater (2) contains cerebrospinal fluid (3) continuous with intracranial subarachnoid space

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20
Q

Astrocytes

A

provide structure, store glycogen, and regulate extracellular concentration of ions

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21
Q

Intracanlicular portion of optic nerve

A

portion through the optic canal, appx 10 mm

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22
Q

Intracranial portion of the optic nerve

A

the portion in the brain? appx 15 mm

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23
Q

optic canal

A

area between lesser wing of sphenoid and the sphenoid body

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24
Q

blood supply to the nerve fiber layer

A

radial peripapillary capillary plexus (central retinal artery) - surface of NERVE FIBER LAYER

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25
Q

blood supply to the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve

A

pial plexus (opthalmic artery)

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26
Q

blood supply to intracanicular portion of the the optic nerve

A

pial plexus (opthalmic artery)

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27
Q

blood supply to the intracranial portion of the optic nerve

A

(1)Pial plexus (opthalmic artery), (2)anterior cerebral artery, (3)anterior communicating and (4)internal carotid artery

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28
Q

blood brain barrier

A

capillaries within the optic nerve composed of nonfenestrated endothelium joined by zonula occludens

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29
Q

blood supply to the Prelaminar portion of the optic nerve

A

peripapillary choroid (SPCAs)

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30
Q

blood supply to the LAMINAR portion of the optic nerve

A

circle of zinn and SPCAs

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31
Q

structure that lies within the “circle of willis”

A

optic chiasm

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32
Q

blood supply of anterior cranial regions

A

internal carotid

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33
Q

blood supply of posterior cranial regions

A

basilar artery

34
Q

most anterior portion of “circle of willis”

A

anterior cerebral artery

35
Q

anterior knees of wilbrand

A

loop back into opposite optic nerve before turning around and exiting as opposite optic tract

36
Q

posterior knees of willibrand

A

loop forward into same side optic nerve before crossing to join opposite optic tract

37
Q

superior network

A

anterior cerebral and anterior communication arteries

38
Q

inferior network

A

internal carotid, posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries

39
Q

optic tract

A

runs from posterolateral corner of optic chiasm to LGN - composed of axons of retinal ganglion cells

40
Q

pretectal nucleus

A

alternate pathway from optic chiasm - PUPIL LIGHT REFLEX

41
Q

optic tract to HYPOTHALAMUS

A

CIRCADIAN RHYTHYM

42
Q

Optic tract to SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

A

visual orientation and control of saccadic eye movements

43
Q

orientation of superior fibers in optic tract

A

medial

44
Q

orientation of inferior retinal fibers in optic tract

A

lateral

45
Q

orientation of macular fibers in optic tract

A

macular

46
Q

optic tract blood supply

A

anterior choroidal artery and middle cerebral artery

47
Q

LGN

A

(lateral geniculate nucleus) located in the thalamus - center of complex processing

48
Q

where do retinal axons terminate/synapse

A

LGN

49
Q

optic radiations

A

LGN -> visual cortex

50
Q

magnocellular layers

A

first 2 inferior layers (layers 1 and 2) - spatial recognition and motion detection

51
Q

parvocellular layers

A

4 most superior layers (layers 3-6) - detail and colored vision

52
Q

portion of LGN that receive input from contralateral retina

A

layers 1,4,6

53
Q

portion of LGN that receive input from ipsilateral retina

A

layers 2,3,5

54
Q

retinotopic map

A

point to point localization of the retina

55
Q

LGN blood supply

A

anterior choroidal artery, lateral choroidal artery, and posterior choroidal artery

56
Q

meyer loops

A

loop around tip of lateral ventricle in temporal lobe

57
Q

inferior radiations

A

(inferior retina) lateral aspect of LGN > temporal lobe > meyer loops >occipital lobe

58
Q

superior radiations

A

(superior retina) medial aspect of LGN > parietal lobe > occipital lobe

59
Q

anterior radiation blood supply

A

anterior choroidal artery and middle cerebral artery

60
Q

middle radiation blood supply

A

deep optic branch of the middle cerebral artery

61
Q

posterior radiation blood supply

A

posterior cerebral artery, calcarine artery, middle cerebral artery

62
Q

macular sparing

A

central vision remains despite a homonymous defect (thanks to middle cerebral artery)

63
Q

prechiasmal VF defect

A

damage anterior to optic chiasm - field defects usually monocular

64
Q

postchiasmal VF defect

A

damage to posterior to optic chiasm - field defects on contralateral side

65
Q

chiasmal VF defect

A

within optic chiasm - bitemporal or binasal field defect

66
Q

congruent VF defect

A

two defects are similar in shape between both eyes

67
Q

incongruent VF defect

A

defect shapes are dissimilar between both eyes

68
Q

Striate cortex blood supply

A

calcarine branch (posterior cerebral artery)

69
Q

striate cortex

A

combines and analyzes visual information and transmits to higher visual association areas - PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

70
Q

extrastriate cortex

A

higher visual associated areas

71
Q

Brodmann areas 18 and 19

A

lateral aspects of occipital lobe (extrastraite cortex)

72
Q

Brodmann areas 17 or VI

A

medial surface of occipital lobe (striate cortex)

73
Q

white striae of gennari

A

myelinated fiber layer of LGN unique to visual cortex

74
Q

calcarine fissure

A

divides striate cortex in 2 halves - CONTAINS most of primary visual cortex

75
Q

cuneus gyrus

A

upper half of striate cortex

76
Q

lingual gyrus

A

lower half of striate cortex

77
Q

horizontal layers of striate cortex

A

layers 1,2,3

78
Q

Layer IV of striate cortex

A

contains the stria of gennari - contains sublayer, each which recieve either magnocellular or parvocellular layers of LGN

79
Q

layer VI of striate cortex

A

sends projections back to LGN

80
Q

frontal eye fields

A

found in frontal lobe, receive fibers from striate cortex that contribute to CONJUGATE EYE MOVEMENTS as well as pupillary responses to near objects

81
Q

termination of superior optic radiations

A

cuneus gyrus (above calcarine fissure)

82
Q

termination of inferior optic radiations

A

lingual gyrus (below calcarine fissure)

Occular Anatomy (13 decks)

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