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OPT 532 > Visual Pathway > Flashcards

Visual Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the optic nerve?

A

5-6 cm

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2
Q

How long is the intraocular portion of the optic nerve?

A

0.7-1 mm

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3
Q

How long is the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve?

A

30 mm

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4
Q

How long is the intracanal portion of the optic nerve?

A

6-10 mm

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5
Q

How long is the intracranial portion of the optic nerve?

A

10-16 mm

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6
Q

What is the name of the network of scleral fibers through which the optic nerve fibers exit the eye?

A

Lamina cribrosa

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7
Q

What is the diameter of the prelaminar optic nerve?

A

1.5 mm

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8
Q

What is the diameter of the postlaminar optic nerve?

A

3 mm

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9
Q

About how many axons are in the optic nerve?

A

1-2.22 million

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10
Q

What contributes to the thickening of the optic nerve as it passes through the lamina cribrosa?

A

The addition of the CT sheath, as well as myelination of the fibers by oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What is the name of the ring of glial tissue separating the optic nerve fibers from the retinal layers?

A

Intermediary tissue (of Kuhnt)

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12
Q

What is the name of the ring of glial tissue separating the optic nerve fibers from the choroid?

A

Border tissue (of Jacoby), which is a continuation of the intermediary tissue

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13
Q

What is the name of the ring of collagenous scleral tissue which lies outer to the glial sheaths?

A

Marginal/border tissue (of Elschnig)

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14
Q

What is the intermediary tissue (of Kunht)?

A

A ring of glial tissue that separates the optic nerve fibers from the retinal layers

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15
Q

What is the border tissue (of Jacoby)?

A

A continuation of the intermediary tissue; it separates the optic nerve fibers from the choroid

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16
Q

What is the marginal/border tissue (of Elschnig)?

A

A ring of collagenous scleral tissue surrounding the glial sheaths

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17
Q

Where is the olfactory tract in relation to the optic nerve?

A

Superior

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18
Q

Where is the anterior cerebral artery in relation to the optic nerve?

A

Superior

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19
Q

Where is the sphenoidal sinus in relation to the optic nerve?

A

Medial

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20
Q

Why is there often pain associated with eye movements in optic neuritis?

A

The muscle sheaths of the MR and SR are adherent to the ON sheath

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21
Q

Where does the prelaminar and laminar optic nerve get its blood supply?

A

From unfenestrated peripapillary choroidal network

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22
Q

Where does the postlaminar optic nerve get its blood supply?

A

From pial vessels, ophthalmic artery, and central retinal artery

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23
Q

Where does the intracranial optic nerve get its blood supply?

A

From ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, and internal carotid artery

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24
Q

Where is the anterior cerebral artery in relation to the optic chiasm?

A

Anterior

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25
Where is the anterior communicating artery in relation to the optic chiasm?
Anterior
26
Where is the internal carotid artery in relation to the optic chiasm?
Lateral
27
Where is the third ventricle in relation to the optic chiasm?
Superior
28
Where is the pituitary gland in relation to the optic chiasm?
Inferior
29
Where does the optic chiasm get its blood supply?
Superior network: anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating arteryInferior network: internal carotid artery, posterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery
30
Where do fibers from the optic tract go?
90% of the fibers go to the LGN10% of the fibers go to the pretectal area (for pupillary light response) or to the superior colliculus (for reflexive eye movements)
31
Where is the cerebral peduncle in relation to the optic tract?
Medial
32
Where is the posterior cerebral artery in relation to the optic tract?
Parallel
33
Where is the globus pallidus in relation to the optic tract?
Superior
34
Where does the optic tract get its blood supply?
Anterior choroidal artery and middle cerebral artery
35
What is another name for the LGN?
External genicular nucleus
36
Where is the LGN on the thalamus?
Dorsal and lateral
37
How many layers are in the LGN?
Six main layers (parvocellular and magnocellular), with an additional koniocellular layer under each of these main layers
38
Which layers in the LGN are parvocellular?
Layers 3-6
39
Which layers in the LGN are magnocellular?
Layers 1-2
40
What is the function of the LGN?
It has some visual processing to ensure that the most important information is sent to the visual cortex. It receives some afferents in return from the visual cortex.
41
Where is the internal capsule in relation to the LGN?
Lateral
42
Where is the medial geniculate nucleus in relation to the LGN?
Medial
43
Where is the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle in relation to the LGN?
Lateral
44
Where does the LGN get its blood supply?
Anterior choroidal artery and posterior choroidal artery
45
What is another name for the optic radiations?
Geniculocalcarine tract
46
Where is the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in relation to the optic radiations?
Medial
47
Where do the optic radiations get their blood supply?
Anterior radiations: anterior choroidal arteryMiddle radiations: deep optic branch of the middle cerebral arteryPosterior radiations: calcarine branch of the posterior cerebral artery
48
By what other names could you call the striate cortex?
Primary visual cortex; Brodmann Area 17; V1
49
What is the name of the white line that runs through the striate cortex?
Line of Gennari
50
Horizontal layers of the striate cortex receiving magnocellular information process what type of information?
Motion and low spatial frequency
51
Horizontal layers of the striate cortex receiving parvocellular information process what type of information?
Color and high spatial frequency
52
What types of columns may be found in the striate cortex?
Ocular dominance columns, and columns for stimulus orientation
53
Where does the striate cortex get its blood supply?
Calcarine branch of the posterior cereral artery
54
By what other names could you call the visual association areas?
Peristriate; extrastriate; Brodmann areas 18 and 19; V2, V3, V4, V5
55
True or false: one region of the peristriate functions as storage for learned patterns and recall
TRUE
56
Which area, important for fixation and saccades, receives input from the striate cortex?
Superior colliculus
57
Which area, responsible for the circadian rhythm, receives input from the striate cortex?
Hypothalamus
58
Which area, important for voluntary and reflexive binocular movements, receives input from the striate cortex?
Frontal eye fields
59
Which area, involved in optokinetic nystagmus, receives input from the striate cortex?
Nucleus of the optic tract
60
Which fibers form the anterior knees of Wilbrand?
The inferior nasal fibers
61
Which fibers form the posterior knees of Wilbrand?
The superior nasal fibers

OPT 532 (11 decks)

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