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OPT 532 > Visual Pathway > Flashcards

Visual Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the optic nerve?

A

5-6 cm

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2
Q

How long is the intraocular portion of the optic nerve?

A

0.7-1 mm

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3
Q

How long is the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve?

A

30 mm

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4
Q

How long is the intracanal portion of the optic nerve?

A

6-10 mm

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5
Q

How long is the intracranial portion of the optic nerve?

A

10-16 mm

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6
Q

What is the name of the network of scleral fibers through which the optic nerve fibers exit the eye?

A

Lamina cribrosa

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7
Q

What is the diameter of the prelaminar optic nerve?

A

1.5 mm

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8
Q

What is the diameter of the postlaminar optic nerve?

A

3 mm

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9
Q

About how many axons are in the optic nerve?

A

1-2.22 million

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10
Q

What contributes to the thickening of the optic nerve as it passes through the lamina cribrosa?

A

The addition of the CT sheath, as well as myelination of the fibers by oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What is the name of the ring of glial tissue separating the optic nerve fibers from the retinal layers?

A

Intermediary tissue (of Kuhnt)

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12
Q

What is the name of the ring of glial tissue separating the optic nerve fibers from the choroid?

A

Border tissue (of Jacoby), which is a continuation of the intermediary tissue

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13
Q

What is the name of the ring of collagenous scleral tissue which lies outer to the glial sheaths?

A

Marginal/border tissue (of Elschnig)

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14
Q

What is the intermediary tissue (of Kunht)?

A

A ring of glial tissue that separates the optic nerve fibers from the retinal layers

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15
Q

What is the border tissue (of Jacoby)?

A

A continuation of the intermediary tissue; it separates the optic nerve fibers from the choroid

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16
Q

What is the marginal/border tissue (of Elschnig)?

A

A ring of collagenous scleral tissue surrounding the glial sheaths

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17
Q

Where is the olfactory tract in relation to the optic nerve?

A

Superior

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18
Q

Where is the anterior cerebral artery in relation to the optic nerve?

A

Superior

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19
Q

Where is the sphenoidal sinus in relation to the optic nerve?

A

Medial

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20
Q

Why is there often pain associated with eye movements in optic neuritis?

A

The muscle sheaths of the MR and SR are adherent to the ON sheath

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21
Q

Where does the prelaminar and laminar optic nerve get its blood supply?

A

From unfenestrated peripapillary choroidal network

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22
Q

Where does the postlaminar optic nerve get its blood supply?

A

From pial vessels, ophthalmic artery, and central retinal artery

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23
Q

Where does the intracranial optic nerve get its blood supply?

A

From ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, and internal carotid artery

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24
Q

Where is the anterior cerebral artery in relation to the optic chiasm?

A

Anterior

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25
Q

Where is the anterior communicating artery in relation to the optic chiasm?

A

Anterior

26
Q

Where is the internal carotid artery in relation to the optic chiasm?

A

Lateral

27
Q

Where is the third ventricle in relation to the optic chiasm?

A

Superior

28
Q

Where is the pituitary gland in relation to the optic chiasm?

A

Inferior

29
Q

Where does the optic chiasm get its blood supply?

A

Superior network: anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating arteryInferior network: internal carotid artery, posterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery

30
Q

Where do fibers from the optic tract go?

A

90% of the fibers go to the LGN10% of the fibers go to the pretectal area (for pupillary light response) or to the superior colliculus (for reflexive eye movements)

31
Q

Where is the cerebral peduncle in relation to the optic tract?

A

Medial

32
Q

Where is the posterior cerebral artery in relation to the optic tract?

A

Parallel

33
Q

Where is the globus pallidus in relation to the optic tract?

A

Superior

34
Q

Where does the optic tract get its blood supply?

A

Anterior choroidal artery and middle cerebral artery

35
Q

What is another name for the LGN?

A

External genicular nucleus

36
Q

Where is the LGN on the thalamus?

A

Dorsal and lateral

37
Q

How many layers are in the LGN?

A

Six main layers (parvocellular and magnocellular), with an additional koniocellular layer under each of these main layers

38
Q

Which layers in the LGN are parvocellular?

A

Layers 3-6

39
Q

Which layers in the LGN are magnocellular?

A

Layers 1-2

40
Q

What is the function of the LGN?

A

It has some visual processing to ensure that the most important information is sent to the visual cortex. It receives some afferents in return from the visual cortex.

41
Q

Where is the internal capsule in relation to the LGN?

A

Lateral

42
Q

Where is the medial geniculate nucleus in relation to the LGN?

A

Medial

43
Q

Where is the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle in relation to the LGN?

A

Lateral

44
Q

Where does the LGN get its blood supply?

A

Anterior choroidal artery and posterior choroidal artery

45
Q

What is another name for the optic radiations?

A

Geniculocalcarine tract

46
Q

Where is the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in relation to the optic radiations?

A

Medial

47
Q

Where do the optic radiations get their blood supply?

A

Anterior radiations: anterior choroidal arteryMiddle radiations: deep optic branch of the middle cerebral arteryPosterior radiations: calcarine branch of the posterior cerebral artery

48
Q

By what other names could you call the striate cortex?

A

Primary visual cortex; Brodmann Area 17; V1

49
Q

What is the name of the white line that runs through the striate cortex?

A

Line of Gennari

50
Q

Horizontal layers of the striate cortex receiving magnocellular information process what type of information?

A

Motion and low spatial frequency

51
Q

Horizontal layers of the striate cortex receiving parvocellular information process what type of information?

A

Color and high spatial frequency

52
Q

What types of columns may be found in the striate cortex?

A

Ocular dominance columns, and columns for stimulus orientation

53
Q

Where does the striate cortex get its blood supply?

A

Calcarine branch of the posterior cereral artery

54
Q

By what other names could you call the visual association areas?

A

Peristriate; extrastriate; Brodmann areas 18 and 19; V2, V3, V4, V5

55
Q

True or false: one region of the peristriate functions as storage for learned patterns and recall

A

TRUE

56
Q

Which area, important for fixation and saccades, receives input from the striate cortex?

A

Superior colliculus

57
Q

Which area, responsible for the circadian rhythm, receives input from the striate cortex?

A

Hypothalamus

58
Q

Which area, important for voluntary and reflexive binocular movements, receives input from the striate cortex?

A

Frontal eye fields

59
Q

Which area, involved in optokinetic nystagmus, receives input from the striate cortex?

A

Nucleus of the optic tract

60
Q

Which fibers form the anterior knees of Wilbrand?

A

The inferior nasal fibers

61
Q

Which fibers form the posterior knees of Wilbrand?

A

The superior nasal fibers

OPT 532 (11 decks)

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