Visual Impairments Flashcards
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Area Affected
Causes
Signs/ Symptoms
Area Affected
Lesion in optic chiasm
Central damage
Causes
Damage to crossing fibers from each temporal visual field
Signs/ Symptoms‘
Loss of peripheral vision
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
AREA AFFECTED
Optic tract
CAUSES
Lesions of mixed optic tract fibers
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
Will lose contralateral peripheral vision and ipsilateral central vision
Macular Sparing
AREA AFFECTED
Damage to cortex occipital lobe
CAUSES
Supplied by both PCA and small branch of ophthalmic artery, which spares some function of the visual field
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
Some sparing of the macula, the cones specifically, so will maintain some aspect of acuity in the eye as well as some color recognition
SCOTOMAS
AREA AFFECTED
Retina
CAUSES
Infarcts, hemorrhages, infections
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
Visual field deficient Circumscribed region of visual loss surround by normal vision
STRABISMUS
STRABISMUS
AREA AFFECTED
CN III
CN VI
CAUSES
Lesions to CN innervating muscles of the eye
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
Lateral Strabismus: Damage to CN III, medial rectus not firing properly
Medial Strabismus: Damage to CN VI, lateral rectus not firing properly
PTOSIS
AREA AFFECTED
CN III
CAUSES
Lesion of CN III
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
Drooping of the eye lid due to Levator Palpebrae muscle not firing properly
OPTIC NEURITIS
OPTIC NEURITIS
AREA AFFECTED
Inflammatory demyelination disorder often related to MS
CAUSES
Damage of oligodendrocytes
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
Eye pain, decreased acuity, impaired color vision
Recovery is very common
PAPILLEDEMA
PAPILLEDEMA
AFFECTED AREA
Optic disk swelling
CAUSES
Increased pressure can cause shifting of tissue
Optic nerve gets compressed
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Retinal tissue will look very different “chocking: around the disk
Often first thing checked when someone presents with symptoms of brain tumor
