Strokes/aprosodias/apraxia/aphasias Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Aproodias

A

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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2
Q

Sensory Aprosodias

A

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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3
Q

Brocas Aphasia

A

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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4
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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5
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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6
Q

Ideational Apraxia

A

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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7
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

Ideomotor Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Posterior Parietal Cortex

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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8
Q

Kinetic Apraxia

A

Kinetic Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

posterior parietal cortex

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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9
Q

Oral Apraxia

A

Oral Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to execute facial movements on command

posterior parietal cortex

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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10
Q

Aprosodias

Aphasias

Apraxias

A

Name

Features/Causes

Area of Damage

Motor Aprosodias

Unable to CONVEY feelings by voice or gesture, but feelings are there. Becomes very monotone

Right frontal cerebral hemisphere

Sensory Aprosodias

Unable to READ feelings. Trouble comprehending content of speech

Most posterior region of Right cerebral Hemisphere

Broca’s Aphasia

Also known as motor aphasia

Fluency: low

Repetition: low

Comprehension: high

Damage to left frontal lobe )post. Inf. Frontal gyrus)

Common with stroke to MCA

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Also known as sensory aphasia

Fluency: high

Repetition: low

Comprehension: low

Will often see made up words

Damage to superior temporal gyrus

Global Aphasia

Impairment in language, production and comprehension

Damge destroying nearly all of perisylivan area

Ideational Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability ot organize single actions into a sequence for intended purposes

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant.

FUNCTIONALLY AND CLINICALLY

Posterior parietal cortex

Ideomotor Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to translate idea for their actions into appropriate motor program

Ask them to brush their hair, and they cant. But turn around and have no problem seeing a brush and brushing hair

FUNCITONALLY

Kinetic Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Loss of hand and finger dexterity, not due to paresis, ataxia (uncoordinated movement), or sensory loss

Oral Apraxia (apraxia – unable to perform particular purposeful actions)

Inability to execute facial movements on command

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11
Q

Strokes

MCA

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Internal capsule, thalamus, basal ganglia

Cerebral cortex

Most common site for strokes

Ischemic strokes

Cortical branches: contralateral sensory loss and weakness of UMN type, cognitive problems, and contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

More distal stem damage: UE and face symptoms more than LE

When dominant (left mostly) hemisphere affected – aphasia may occur

When non-dominant (right mostly) hemisphere affected, problems with prosody or unilateral visuospatial deficits may occur. also neglect

PCA

Med. And inf. Temporal/occipital lobes, midbrain thalamus

Cerebral cortex

*Ischemic stroke

BILATERAL Occlusion occurs with Single embolic or thormbolic occlusion of upper basilar artery

UNILATERAL Occlusion leads to contralateral homomunous hemianopsia (may present with macular sparing)

  • When dominant (mostly left) hemisphere damage:
  • alexia (inability to see words or to read),
  • anomia (a form of aphasia in which a patient is unable to recall the names of everyday objects),
  • visual agnosia (cannot recognize or interpret visual information – man who mistook his wife for a hat)

BILATERAL PCA Infarction

occurs with: single embolic or thrombotic occlusion of basilar artery

Results in:

  • bilateral homomynous hemianopsia (cortical blindness)
  • inferomedial temporal lobes infarcted: severe memory problems
  • prosopagnosia (cannot recognize faces – mary jane)

*NO MOTOR/SENSORY LOSS

ACA

territory: Ant. med. Cerebral hemisphere, ant. corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, internal capsule
supplies: Cerebral cortex

Part of the circle of Willis (more variability in symptoms)

Less common than MCA

Ischemic Stroke

Mainly embolic, rarely due to atherosclerosis

Note: A thrombus is formed after a blood vessel is broken, and platelets help it clot! When a piece of a thrombus breaks off and travels to a different part of the body, it is called an embolus. An embolus is a blockage cuasing piece of material inside a blood vessel (can be a thrombus, fat globule, gas, or foreign material).

Athersosclerosis: hardening of the artery wall due to plaque.

symptoms and damage

STEM: damage at stem may not cause any damage due to connection with anterior communicating collateral

CORTICAL BRANCHES: Involvement of cortical branches of one ACA causes UMN weakness & cortical type sensory defiticits mostly CONTRAlateral LE and bowel and bladder dysfunction.

BILATERAL ACA INFARCTION:

Due to anomaly of circle of Willis.

Resultant cortical sensory-motor syndrome involving both LE

Severe behavioral disturbance with wide oscillations of affect and personality

May also cause apraxia (inability to perform particular purposeful action)

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12
Q

Stroke ACA

A

ACA

territory: Ant. med. Cerebral hemisphere, ant. corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, internal capsule

supplies: Cerebral cortex

Part of the circle of Willis (more variability in symptoms)c

Less common than MCA

Ischemic Stroke

Mainly embolic, rarely due to atherosclerosis

Note: A thrombus is formed after a blood vessel is broken, and platelets help it clot! When a piece of a thrombus breaks off and travels to a different part of the body, it is called an embolus. An embolus is a blockage cuasing piece of material inside a blood vessel (can be a thrombus, fat globule, gas, or foreign material).

Athersosclerosis: hardening of the artery wall due to plaque.

symptoms and damage

STEM: damage at stem may not cause any damage due to connection with anterior communicating collateral

CORTICAL BRANCHES: Involvement of cortical branches of one ACA causes UMN weakness & cortical type sensory defiticits mostly CONTRAlateral LE and bowel and bladder dysfunction.

BILATERAL ACA INFARCTION:

Due to anomaly of circle of Willis.

Resultant cortical sensory-motor syndrome involving both LE

Severe behavioral disturbance with wide oscillations of affect and personality

May also cause apraxia (inability to perform particular purposeful action)

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Internal capsule, thalamus, basal ganglia

Cerebral cortex

Most common site for strokes

Ischemic strokes

Cortical branches: contralateral sensory loss and weakness of UMN type, cognitive problems, and contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

More distal stem damage: UE and face symptoms more than LE

When dominant (left mostly) hemisphere affected – aphasia may occur

When non-dominant (right mostly) hemisphere affected, problems with prosody or unilateral visuospatial deficits may occur. also neglect

PCA

Med. And inf. Temporal/occipital lobes, midbrain thalamus

Cerebral cortex

*Ischemic stroke

BILATERAL Occlusion occurs with Single embolic or thormbolic occlusion of upper basilar artery

UNILATERAL Occlusion leads to contralateral homomunous hemianopsia (may present with macular sparing)

When dominant (mostly left) hemisphere damage:

alexia (inability to see words or to read),

anomia (a form of aphasia in which a patient is unable to recall the names of everyday objects),

visual agnosia (cannot recognize or interpret visual information – man who mistook his wife for a hat)

BILATERAL PCA Infarction

occurs with: single embolic or thrombotic occlusion of basilar artery

Results in:

bilateral homomynous hemianopsia (cortical blindness)

inferomedial temporal lobes infarcted: severe memory problems

prosopagnosia (cannot recognize faces – mary jane)

*NO MOTOR/SENSORY LOSS

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13
Q

PCA Stroke

A

PCA

Territory:

Med. And inf. Temporal/occipital lobes, midbrain thalamus

supplies:Cerebral cortex

*Ischemic stroke

BILATERAL Occlusion occurs with Single embolic or thormbolic occlusion of upper basilar artery

UNILATERAL Occlusion leads to contralateral homomunous hemianopsia (may present with macular sparing)

When dominant (mostly left) hemisphere damage:

alexia (inability to see words or to read),

anomia (a form of aphasia in which a patient is unable to recall the names of everyday objects),

visual agnosia (cannot recognize or interpret visual information – man who mistook his wife for a hat)

BILATERAL PCA Infarction

occurs with: single embolic or thrombotic occlusion of basilar artery

Results in:

bilateral homomynous hemianopsia (cortical blindness)

inferomedial temporal lobes infarcted: severe memory problems

prosopagnosia (cannot recognize faces – mary jane)

*NO MOTOR/SENSORY LOSS

ACA

territory: Ant. med. Cerebral hemisphere, ant. corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, internal capsule
supplies: Cerebral cortex

Part of the circle of Willis (more variability in symptoms)c

Less common than MCA

Ischemic Stroke

Mainly embolic, rarely due to atherosclerosis

Note: A thrombus is formed after a blood vessel is broken, and platelets help it clot! When a piece of a thrombus breaks off and travels to a different part of the body, it is called an embolus. An embolus is a blockage cuasing piece of material inside a blood vessel (can be a thrombus, fat globule, gas, or foreign material).

Athersosclerosis: hardening of the artery wall due to plaque.

symptoms and damage

STEM: damage at stem may not cause any damage due to connection with anterior communicating collateral

CORTICAL BRANCHES: Involvement of cortical branches of one ACA causes UMN weakness & cortical type sensory defiticits mostly CONTRAlateral LE and bowel and bladder dysfunction.

BILATERAL ACA INFARCTION:

Due to anomaly of circle of Willis.

Resultant cortical sensory-motor syndrome involving both LE

Severe behavioral disturbance with wide oscillations of affect and personality

May also cause apraxia (inability to perform particular purposeful action)

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Internal capsule, thalamus, basal ganglia

Cerebral cortex

Most common site for strokes

Ischemic strokes

Cortical branches: contralateral sensory loss and weakness of UMN type, cognitive problems, and contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

More distal stem damage: UE and face symptoms more than LE

When dominant (left mostly) hemisphere affected – aphasia may occur

When non-dominant (right mostly) hemisphere affected, problems with prosody or unilateral visuospatial deficits may occur. also neglect

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14
Q

Lacunar Syndrome

A

Lacunar Syndromes

Lacunar syndromes result from occlusion of small, Penetrating branches off of main arterioes

Most lacunar syndromes are correlated to consequences of hypertension and diabetes, not to artherosclerosis of these small vessels

Although small can still have very devastating consequences

  • Sensory and/or motor deficits occur
  • NO cognitive deficits
  • Face, leg, arm typically affected equally (motor and sensory) as pathways are tightly packed in the interal capsule

PCA

Territory:

Med. And inf. Temporal/occipital lobes, midbrain thalamus

supplies:Cerebral cortex

*Ischemic stroke

BILATERAL Occlusion occurs with Single embolic or thormbolic occlusion of upper basilar artery

UNILATERAL Occlusion leads to contralateral homomunous hemianopsia (may present with macular sparing)

When dominant (mostly left) hemisphere damage:

alexia (inability to see words or to read),

anomia (a form of aphasia in which a patient is unable to recall the names of everyday objects),

visual agnosia (cannot recognize or interpret visual information – man who mistook his wife for a hat)

BILATERAL PCA Infarction

occurs with: single embolic or thrombotic occlusion of basilar artery

Results in:

bilateral homomynous hemianopsia (cortical blindness)

inferomedial temporal lobes infarcted: severe memory problems

prosopagnosia (cannot recognize faces – mary jane)

*NO MOTOR/SENSORY LOSS

ACA

territory: Ant. med. Cerebral hemisphere, ant. corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, internal capsule
supplies: Cerebral cortex

Part of the circle of Willis (more variability in symptoms)c

Less common than MCA

Ischemic Stroke

Mainly embolic, rarely due to atherosclerosis

Note: A thrombus is formed after a blood vessel is broken, and platelets help it clot! When a piece of a thrombus breaks off and travels to a different part of the body, it is called an embolus. An embolus is a blockage cuasing piece of material inside a blood vessel (can be a thrombus, fat globule, gas, or foreign material).

Athersosclerosis: hardening of the artery wall due to plaque.

symptoms and damage

STEM: damage at stem may not cause any damage due to connection with anterior communicating collateral

CORTICAL BRANCHES: Involvement of cortical branches of one ACA causes UMN weakness & cortical type sensory defiticits mostly CONTRAlateral LE and bowel and bladder dysfunction.

BILATERAL ACA INFARCTION:

Due to anomaly of circle of Willis.

Resultant cortical sensory-motor syndrome involving both LE

Severe behavioral disturbance with wide oscillations of affect and personality

May also cause apraxia (inability to perform particular purposeful action)

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Internal capsule, thalamus, basal ganglia

Cerebral cortex

Most common site for strokes

Ischemic strokes

Cortical branches: contralateral sensory loss and weakness of UMN type, cognitive problems, and contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

More distal stem damage: UE and face symptoms more than LE

When dominant (left mostly) hemisphere affected – aphasia may occur

When non-dominant (right mostly) hemisphere affected, problems with prosody or unilateral visuospatial deficits may occur. also neglect

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15
Q

Carotid Border-Zone

A

Carotid Border Zone

Territories:

Distal MCA, and ACA territories

Supplies:

Watershed area

Carotid artery dysfucntion resulting from hypoperfusion to distal MCA and ACA territories.

IC must be 70% occluded in order to produce carotid-border zone syndrome

Carotid border-zone syndrome:

Maximal ischemia occurs in the watershed areas as it requires the greatest pressure for blood to reat the terminal ends of ther artieres.

More cognitive in nature

Lacunar Syndromes

Lacunar syndromes result from occlusion of small, Penetrating branches off of main arterioes

Most lacunar syndromes are correlated to consequences of hypertension and diabetes, not to artherosclerosis of these small vessels

Although small can still have very devastating consequences

Sensory and/or motor deficits occur

NO cognitive deficits

Face, leg, arm typically affected equally (motor and sensory) as pathways are tightly packed in the interal capsule

PCA

Territory:

Med. And inf. Temporal/occipital lobes, midbrain thalamus

supplies:Cerebral cortex

*Ischemic stroke

BILATERAL Occlusion occurs with Single embolic or thormbolic occlusion of upper basilar artery

UNILATERAL Occlusion leads to contralateral homomunous hemianopsia (may present with macular sparing)

When dominant (mostly left) hemisphere damage:

alexia (inability to see words or to read),

anomia (a form of aphasia in which a patient is unable to recall the names of everyday objects),

visual agnosia (cannot recognize or interpret visual information – man who mistook his wife for a hat)

BILATERAL PCA Infarction

occurs with: single embolic or thrombotic occlusion of basilar artery

Results in:

bilateral homomynous hemianopsia (cortical blindness)

inferomedial temporal lobes infarcted: severe memory problems

prosopagnosia (cannot recognize faces – mary jane)

*NO MOTOR/SENSORY LOSS

ACA

territory: Ant. med. Cerebral hemisphere, ant. corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, internal capsule
supplies: Cerebral cortex

Part of the circle of Willis (more variability in symptoms)c

Less common than MCA

Ischemic Stroke

Mainly embolic, rarely due to atherosclerosis

Note: A thrombus is formed after a blood vessel is broken, and platelets help it clot! When a piece of a thrombus breaks off and travels to a different part of the body, it is called an embolus. An embolus is a blockage cuasing piece of material inside a blood vessel (can be a thrombus, fat globule, gas, or foreign material).

Athersosclerosis: hardening of the artery wall due to plaque.

symptoms and damage

STEM: damage at stem may not cause any damage due to connection with anterior communicating collateral

CORTICAL BRANCHES: Involvement of cortical branches of one ACA causes UMN weakness & cortical type sensory defiticits mostly CONTRAlateral LE and bowel and bladder dysfunction.

BILATERAL ACA INFARCTION:

Due to anomaly of circle of Willis.

Resultant cortical sensory-motor syndrome involving both LE

Severe behavioral disturbance with wide oscillations of affect and personality

May also cause apraxia (inability to perform particular purposeful action)

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Internal capsule, thalamus, basal ganglia

Cerebral cortex

Most common site for strokes

Ischemic strokes

Cortical branches: contralateral sensory loss and weakness of UMN type, cognitive problems, and contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

More distal stem damage: UE and face symptoms more than LE

When dominant (left mostly) hemisphere affected – aphasia may occur

When non-dominant (right mostly) hemisphere affected, problems with prosody or unilateral visuospatial deficits may occur. also neglect

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16
Q

PSA STROKE

A

PSA (posterior spinal artery) stroke

There are 2 arteries

supplies 1/3 (dorsal spinal cord)

DCML impairments

17
Q

Anterior spinal artery STROKE

A

ASA (anterior spinal artery) Stroke (problem with bloodflow)

1 anterior spinal artery (2 posterior spinal arteries) - think a space ship

Supplies 2/3rd of spinal cord (anterior 2 thirds)

impairments in:

anterolateral funiculus - (STT)

Lateral funiculus - (CST)