Visual Imagery - Chapter 8 Content Flashcards
Define imagery.
It is the interaction between the Long term memory and perceptual system.
What is a mnemonic?
It is a technique use to increase the chance of remembering something and a lot fo them use imagery, which is generating a picture in your mind to make it more memorable.
What is the method of Loci?
It is imagining a series of places and have them remeber their specific order. When going back to having to recall these memories, you can go through the list or walk through the pictures of the locations in your mind with the help of geographical cues.
What is the technique of interacting images?
This theory explains how imagery is best used when we pair things together in a coherent manner. When two items such as a piano and a cigar are needed to be remembered, and in your mind, you put these two in the same image where they are interacting such as piano smoking a cigar, you tend to remember it much better than if the two things were just side by side in the same picture. this also states that the bizarreness of the interacting image does not affect how well you can remember these things.
What is the Pegword method?
This is an experiment that was done to show that when you are to remember a specific memory sequence (ordered cues), and then you relate actually tasks or things to this sequence and generate a picture, you are able to remember it better. This is because when you think of the memory sequence and go in the order of first memories, you also will think of the images you correlated to these words and then remember the other tasks or words.
Define the dual code hypothesis.
It explains how we encode long term memories in 2 different system
1. verbal (abstract, linguistic meaning)
2. imagery (mental pictures)
The dual code improves memory over having just a single code.
How was the dual code theory tested?
Participants were given four lists of noun pairs and they were arranged in 4 these ways:
1. CC: both concrete objects
2. CA: first words was concrete and 2nd was an abstract word
3. AC: reverse being abstract then concrete
4. AA: both being abstract words
What were the results from the dual code theory experiment?
- that people will spontaneously make images for concrete nouns making them much more likely to remember them
- concrete objects are dual coded
- abstract words and only single verbally coded
- the first noun will act as a peg and if the first is concrete, there is a higher chance of them remembering the 2nd word
Describe mental rotation and transformation.
This theory explains how when we have am image of an object or letter in our mind, we are able to move it around as we would if it was in real life. (ex. we are able to move around a shape, all the same ways as if we were physically holding it)
how is image scanning important to imagery?
Image scanning if referring to how we look at something as if we were in real life, and also moving it and changing its orientation.
What are the 5 properties of visual images?
- implicit encoding
- perceptual equivalence
- spatial equivalence
- transformation equivalence
- structural equivalence
Define implicit encoding.
Some images that you create in your mind will give you access to information that can be obtained, even if that info was never intentionally/explicitly stored. (for example, counting the cupboards in your kitchen)
Define perceptual equivalence.
Explain how imagery is activating similar system as perception would. Sometimes people are unable to properly distinguish when they re imagining it or seeing it in real life.
Define spatial equivalence.
the spatial relationship in images corresponds to the spatial relationship in actually physical space. (example with blind people learning the distance on a map and had same results as sighted people)
Define transformational equivalence.
image transformations and physical transformations are governed by the same laws of motion. You think about moving an object the same way you would if you were to be actually holding the object.
