Visual Display

Question 1

three basic types of visual displays

Answer 1

1. check display
2. qualitative display
3. quantitative display

Question 2

indicates whether or not a given condition exists (for example a green light indicates normal function)

Answer 2

check display

Question 3

indicates the status of a changing variable or its approximate value, or its trend of change (for example, a pointer moves within a “normal” range).

Answer 3

qualitative display

Question 4

shows exact information that must be ascertained (for example, to find a location on a map, to read text or to draw on a computer monitor), or it may indicate an exact numerical value that must be read by the operator (for example, a time or a temperature).

Answer 4

quantitative display

Question 5

Design guidelines for visual displays

Answer 5

Arrange displays, Group displays, Make sure that all displays are properly illuminated or illuminant, coded and labelled according to their function, Use lights, often coloured, to indicate the status of a system (such as ON or OFF) or to alert the operator that the system, or a subsystem, is inoperative and that special action must be taken.

Question 6

indicates an emergency condition that requires immediate action

Answer 6

flashing red light

Question 7

four different kinds of displays are traditionally used

Answer 7

1. moving pointer (with fixed scale)
2. moving scale (with fixed pointer)
3. counters
4. “pictorial” displays

Question 8

should be simple and uncluttered, with graduation and numbering so designed that correct readings can be taken quickly

Answer 8

scale

Question 9

should be located outside the scale markings so that they are not obscured by the pointer

Answer 9

Numericals

Question 10

should end with its tip directly at the marking

Answer 10

pointer

Question 11

when did mechanical displays with pointers and printed scales were increasingly replaced by “electronic” displays with computer-generated images, or solid-state devices using light-emitting diodes

Answer 11

1980s

Question 12

The displayed information may be coded by

Answer 12

shapes
alphanumeric
figures, pictures,illustration
shades of black, grey
colours

Question 13

One measure used to assess the image
quality is the …

Answer 13

modulation transfer function (MTF)

Question 14

. It describes the resolution of
the display using a special sine-wave test signal;

Answer 14

MTF

Question 15

have only one colour, usually either green, yellow, amber, orange or white (achromatic)

Answer 15

Monochrome displays

Question 16

T or F. No more than 7 colours should be used in displays

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Cannot be combined with red:

Answer 17

Blues and Cyans

Question 18

Suggested to combine with green, yellow, white:

Answer 18

-orange, red
-blue, cyan
-cyan, orange

Question 19

Cannot be combined with Blues:

Answer 19

Magenta

Question 20

is a good colour for backgrounds and large shapes. However, should not be used for text, thin lines or small shapes.

Answer 20

Blue

Question 21

The colour of alphanumeric characters should not contrast with that of the background

Answer 21

False

Question 22

makes the display much more acceptable for users who have colour-vision deficiencies

Answer 22

Redundant coding

Question 23

Red and ___ should not be used for small symbols and small shapes in peripheral areas of
large displays.

Answer 23

Green

Question 24

TorF. Using opponent colours (red and green, yellow and blue) adjacent to one another or in an
object/background relationship is sometimes beneficial and sometimes detrimental.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T or F. controls should be near waist height, and displays below or at eye height, whether the operator is sitting or standing.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Turning the control __ causes an increase in the displayed value.

Answer 26

Clockwise

Question 27

is expected to move in the same direction as does
the side of the control close to (i.e., geared with) the display.

Answer 27

display (pointer)

Question 28

describes how much a control
must be moved to adjust a display

Answer 28

ratio of control and display displacement (C/D ratio or D/C gain)

Question 29

must be done so that the information is provided accurately and rapidly

Answer 29

Labelling

Question 30

it is necessary to use so that one may locate, identify, read or manipulate controls, displays
or other equipment items

Answer 30

Labels

Question 30

it is necessary to use so that one may locate, identify, read or manipulate controls, displays
or other equipment items

Answer 30

Labels

Question 31

should be simple, bold and vertical, such as Futura, Helvetica, Namel, Tempo and
Vega.

Answer 31

Font

Question 32

viewing distance: suggested height?
35 cm
70 cm
1 m
1.5 m

Answer 32

22mm
50mm
70mm
1cm

Question 33

The ratio of strokewidth to character height should be between _____ for black letters on
white background, and ____ for white letters on black background

Answer 33

1:8 to 1:6
1:10 to 1:8

Question 34

one must remind users of the dangers associated with product use and provide instructions for safe use to prevent injury or damage.

Answer 34

Warning

Question 35

usually consisting of a sensor that notices inappropriate use, combined with an alerting device that warns the human of an impending danger.

Answer 35

“active” warning

Question 36

usually consisting of a label attached to the product and of instructions for safe use in the user manual

Answer 36

“passive” warnings

Question 37

may contain text, graphics, and pictures—often graphics with redundant text

Answer 37

Warning labels and placards