Learning and Memory Flashcards
one of the most fundamental mental processes
memory
study this process by
using extremely diverse strategies
Neuroscientists
Two different approaches aimed at understanding learning and memory
- roles played by synaptic
plasticity, and its regulatory
mechanism - elegant chick-quail transplantation system
the organ that is responsible for what we call the mind
Brain
It is the basis for thinking, feeling, wanting, perceiving, learning and memory, curiosity, and behavior
Brain
is a fundamental mental process, and without it we are capable of nothing but simple reflexes and stereotyped behaviors
Memory
a behavioral change caused by an experience
memory
Kind of memory that concerns events and facts, and are available to our consciousness
Declarative memory
not available to consciousness, the memory that is needed, for example, to use a previously learned skill.
procedural memory
T or F. Is declarative and procedural memory independent?
True
part of the brain considered important for declarative memory
cerebrum and hippocampus
part of the brain considered important for procedural memory
cerebellum
it has been considered to be the cause of memory
change in the transmission efficacy at the synapse (synaptic plasticity)
a process for acquiring memory
learning
A particular pattern of synaptic usage or stimulation, believed to induce synaptic plasticity
conditioning stimulation
In the cerebellum, the combined activation of two different synaptic inputs to a particular neuron depresses the transmission efficacy at a synapse
Purkinje neuron
persistent depression on the transmission efficacy at a synapse
long-term depression (LTD)
has been considered to be the cellular basis of motor learning.
long-term depression (LTD)
2 frontiers in the study of synaptic plasticity is to clarify the role of plasticity in learning and memory
have used inhibitors and blocked a function of a certain molecule
mouse that is deficient in a specific native molecule used in the study of synaptic plasticity
knockout mouse/ mutant mouse/ transgenic mouse
the reflex that moves the eyes in the opposite direction to head motion, allowing the animal to fixate on the visual image
vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
taxonomic group of birds, learned to sing by imitation
oscines or true songbirds
learning: past, present, future; memory:__
past
learning and memory exist together in the three stages:
encoding, storage (memory), and retrieval
Individuals may learn new skills using different methods, such as
auditory, visual, or kinetic learning methods
Ways to Improve Learning and Memory Functions
sleep
music training
Deeper Explanations and Variations
The Power of Perception
Counseling for Memory and Learning Issues
they have been found to retain higher amounts of learned content, have higher IQs, and often
have higher-quality memory abilities
musicians
has been shown to positively impact children; the best results generally occur if the activity begins before the age of seven.
music training
T or F. Learning can occur consciously and unconsciously
True
Three most common types of memory
- sensory memory
- short term memory
- long term memory
it gathers what the human senses pick up on and generally only lasts for a mere second.
sensory memory
lasts for relatively brief periods and usually stores
minimal bits of information
Short term memory
lasts for relatively brief periods and usually stores
minimal bits of information
Short term memory
T or F. In the mind, particular recollections are proven not to be altered, planted, distorted, or forgotten
False
can be caused by life experience, nurture, and biology. can impact what they learn and memorize and how it is memorized
perception
