Learning and Memory

Question 1

one of the most fundamental mental processes

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

study this process by
using extremely diverse strategies

Answer 2

Neuroscientists

Question 3

Two different approaches aimed at understanding learning and memory

Answer 3

1. roles played by synaptic
   plasticity, and its regulatory
   mechanism
2. elegant chick-quail transplantation system

Question 4

the organ that is responsible for what we call the mind

Answer 4

Brain

Question 5

It is the basis for thinking, feeling, wanting, perceiving, learning and memory, curiosity, and behavior

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

is a fundamental mental process, and without it we are capable of nothing but simple reflexes and stereotyped behaviors

Answer 6

Memory

Question 7

a behavioral change caused by an experience

Answer 7

memory

Question 8

Kind of memory that concerns events and facts, and are available to our consciousness

Answer 8

Declarative memory

Question 9

not available to consciousness, the memory that is needed, for example, to use a previously learned skill.

Answer 9

procedural memory

Question 10

T or F. Is declarative and procedural memory independent?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

part of the brain considered important for declarative memory

Answer 11

cerebrum and hippocampus

Question 12

part of the brain considered important for procedural memory

Answer 12

cerebellum

Question 13

it has been considered to be the cause of memory

Answer 13

change in the transmission efficacy at the synapse (synaptic plasticity)

Question 14

a process for acquiring memory

Answer 14

learning

Question 15

A particular pattern of synaptic usage or stimulation, believed to induce synaptic plasticity

Answer 15

conditioning stimulation

Question 16

In the cerebellum, the combined activation of two different synaptic inputs to a particular neuron depresses the transmission efficacy at a synapse

Answer 16

Purkinje neuron

Question 17

persistent depression on the transmission efficacy at a synapse

Answer 17

long-term depression (LTD)

Question 18

has been considered to be the cellular basis of motor learning.

Answer 18

long-term depression (LTD)

Question 19

2 frontiers in the study of synaptic plasticity is to clarify the role of plasticity in learning and memory

Answer 19

have used inhibitors and blocked a function of a certain molecule

Question 20

mouse that is deficient in a specific native molecule used in the study of synaptic plasticity

Answer 20

knockout mouse/ mutant mouse/ transgenic mouse

Question 21

the reflex that moves the eyes in the opposite direction to head motion, allowing the animal to fixate on the visual image

Answer 21

vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

Question 22

taxonomic group of birds, learned to sing by imitation

Answer 22

oscines or true songbirds

Question 23

learning: past, present, future; memory:__

Answer 23

past

Question 24

learning and memory exist together in the three stages:

Answer 24

encoding, storage (memory), and retrieval

Question 25

Individuals may learn new skills using different methods, such as

Answer 25

auditory, visual, or kinetic learning methods

Question 26

Ways to Improve Learning and Memory Functions

Answer 26

sleep
music training
Deeper Explanations and Variations
The Power of Perception
Counseling for Memory and Learning Issues

Question 27

they have been found to retain higher amounts of learned content, have higher IQs, and often
have higher-quality memory abilities

Answer 27

musicians

Question 28

has been shown to positively impact children; the best results generally occur if the activity begins before the age of seven.

Answer 28

music training

Question 29

T or F. Learning can occur consciously and unconsciously

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Three most common types of memory

Answer 30

1. sensory memory
2. short term memory
3. long term memory

Question 31

it gathers what the human senses pick up on and generally only lasts for a mere second.

Answer 31

sensory memory

Question 32

lasts for relatively brief periods and usually stores
minimal bits of information

Answer 32

Short term memory

Question 32

lasts for relatively brief periods and usually stores
minimal bits of information

Answer 32

Short term memory

Question 33

T or F. In the mind, particular recollections are proven not to be altered, planted, distorted, or forgotten

Answer 33

False

Question 34

can be caused by life experience, nurture, and biology. can impact what they learn and memorize and how it is memorized

Answer 34

perception