Auditory Display Flashcards

1
Q

can communicate information redundant to
visual displays.

A

Auditory signals or displays

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2
Q

may allow offloading some visual workload to the auditory channel.

A

Auditory display

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3
Q

may be used in traditional alarms, in process
monitoring displays, in computer system interfaces, and even to present complex multivariate data

A

Sound

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4
Q

T or F. o sounds can unintentionally be part of a system, but still convey information to a listener

A

True

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5
Q

tend to elicit an alerting response, and can be detected more quickly than signals presented via other modalities.

A

Acoustic signals

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6
Q

is the use of non-speech audio to convey information or perceptualize data

A

Sonification

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7
Q

Percent change in audio frequeny that humans can detect

A

0.2%

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8
Q

have been used to monitor factory processes, signaling a change in one of several production parameters

A

auditory displays

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9
Q

two well-known successes. of uses of auditory signals

A

Geiger counter and sonar

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10
Q

establish a mapping between a sound and an intended meaning, with no intrinsic relationship existing.

A

Symbolic displays

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11
Q

is explicitly symbolic, as are most auditory warnings and alarms

A

speech

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12
Q

contain an immediate and intrinsic relationship between the display dimension and the information that is being conveyed.

A

Analogic displays

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13
Q

families of event notifications (indicating, for example, that a computer file was opened); slightly more analogic auditory icons, which are event notifiers that also reflect the details
of the events

A

earcons

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14
Q

is a generic term including all intentional, nonspeech audio that is designed to transmit information between a system and a user.

A

Auditory display

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15
Q

refers to a sound that alerts a user and conveys information about an
event.

A

Auditory alarm

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16
Q

are usually categorical and symbolic in nature

A

alarms

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17
Q

indicates the use of sound for part or all of the display of system variables and other information, usually including information about the details of the objects involved or the underlying process.

A

Auditory interface

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18
Q

is the use of nonspeech audio to present data.

A

Sonification

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19
Q

is the transformation of data relations into
auditory relations, for the purpose of studying and interpreting the data.

A

Sonification

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20
Q

can be used as a supplement to other (usually visual) displays, as an equal part of a multimodal display, or certainly as a complete display on its own

A

Sound/ auditory displays

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21
Q

recommended when multiple complex data sources need to be monitored or compared, and
when the information contains 3D aspects

A

Sound

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22
Q

Another downside to auditory displays in some cases which means that sounds are not continuously present for study and
comparison.

A

Absence of Persistence

23
Q

Ensuring audibility without disrupting subsequent speech communication is the basic goal in this
situation.

A

Auditory alarms

24
Q

The primary goal for an alarm

A

to alert, notify, time or status without disruption

25
may present information about the details of the event, by varying the sound parameters.
sophisticated alarms
26
recommends measuring the ambient noise levels during system operation, and plotting noise sound pressure level (SPL, measured in dB) against noise frequency (in Hz).
Patterson (1982, 1990)
27
The loudness of an alarm sound component at a given frequency should be set between ____ above the background noise at that frequency, but in no cases must it exceed ____ SPL
15 and 25 dB 90dB
28
is used increasingly in human–machine interfaces to communicate more information than simple (symbolic) alarms, but still not as much as (analogic) data sonification.
Sound
29
sonic additions to widgets such as scroll bars and menus can assist users in making selections and choices more effectively than visual only interface elements.
graphical user interface (GUI)
30
describes small “languages” that can be made up of patterns of two or three musical notes
“earcon”
31
use sounds that in some way represent the actual features of objects involved in actions.
auditory icons
32
make a sound appear to originate in a specific position in three-dimensional (3D) auditory space
spatialization of sound
33
an overwhelmingly visual medium, an increasingly important means of civics, communication and learning about the world
Social media
34
the standard of Web accessibility, and many parts of the Web-browsing experience can be made accessible through semantics
Text-to-speech
35
transform low-level image data, like color, hue, saturation, or brightness, into auditory parameters, like timbre, pitch, or volume
sensory substitution devices (SSDs)
36
was used to generate an automatic description of the image, list objects in the image (“tags”), identify any celebrities, and determine the coordinates and gender of any faces in the image.
Computer Vision system
37
used to link the coordinates of each face generated by the Computer Vision system with a value for seven emotion categories
Emotion system
38
used to determine the sentiment of the text in each post.
Text Analytics system
39
used to read text on images
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
40
was used to speak the text of the user name, main post, and automatically generated image caption
speech
41
was used to signal the sentiment and impact using acoustic cues designed to communicate emotion
Sonification
42
composed of short auditory icons and longer “soundscapes” – was created from the high-level image content
auditory scenes
43
longer in duration and were used to represent recognized actions or environments in the scene
Soundscapes
44
Make use of pre-existing stimulus-response relationships which may be natural, learned, or population stereotypes.
Compatibility
45
is a basic reflex to turn to the source of a sound (stimulus), e.g. If you want an auditory sound as a warning for a pilot, don't put the speaker behind the person!
Orienting reflex
46
Examples are sirens which are learned to be associated with an emergency; higher frequency = high value like a tea kettle whistle.
Learned
47
Auditory signal that captures attention
Attention Demanding Signal
48
Auditory signal with precise message information
Designation Signal
49
Auditory signal must be discernible from other noise, especially multiple auditory signals, e.g. when several phones ring in an office it's difficult to tell which is ringing.
Dissociability
50
Messages should be as short as possible
Parsimony
51
Same signal or message should designate the same information in all situations to avoid confusion like that between "priority" and "emergency" information.
Invariance
52
establish intensity relative to ambient noise levels to avoid masking.
Signal/noise ratio
53
works best to attract attention by minimizing perceptual adaptation to monotones and increasing the detectability of the signal, e.g. Beep! Beep! Beep! is better than "Beeeeeeep"!
Variable Signal -
54
Auditory displays are especially useful for signaling alarms partially because noise will go around corners. "Yeows" and "Beeps" get a faster response time.
Warning Signals