Visual disorders

Question 1

See diagrams in case you are required to label…

Answer 1

Visual areas

Question 2

On the brain maps dark pink indicates areas buried…& light pink indicates areas on the surface of..

Answer 2

In sulci. Gyri

Question 3

In the macaque brain there are ___ distinct visual areas. The visual areas which are most similar in macaques & humans are ___ & ___ but these are slightly larger in ___. Higher order temporal, parietal & frontal regions occupy a larger cortical area in ___ than ___.

Answer 3

25. V1. V2. Macaques, humans, macques

Question 4

In the blind, contralesional field blind sights patients can [2 things] but cannot [1 thing]

Answer 4

Detect motion, localise stimuli. Discriminate shapes

Question 5

V1 is in the ___ lobe

Answer 5

Occipital

Question 6

Intact motion detection in blindsight patient GY is believed to reflect intact direct projections from the LGN to V5. TSB Bridge (2008) who found one similarity & two differences between blindsight patients & controls. What were these?

Answer 6

Similarity: an ipsilateral pathway from LGN to V5 (bypassing V1)
Differences: 1) a transcallosal pathway from LGN to contralateral V5, 2) a transcallosal cortical/cortical pathway between V5s

Question 7

Bridge’s (2008) study makes the general point that…

Answer 7

Long-range connections exhibit functional & anatomical plasticity

Question 8

There is evidence of modular processing of 4 visual features - what are they? Is a deficit to each module caused by a lesion to where, what or both pathways?

Answer 8

Depth (where & what lesion), colour (what lesion), form (what lesion) & motion (where/ when lesion)

Question 9

Riddoch (1917) & then Berryhill & Olson (2009) found that depth processing deficits reflect bilateral ___-___ lesions I.e….. Berryhill’s patient was able to determine whether each object belonged in a ___ or not but could not judge how ___ ___ each object was. Controls show…. Altogether this shows that…

Answer 9

Occipito-parietal. Connections between the parietal & occipital lobes. Kitchen. How far. Activity in the occipito-parietal region when judging depths. Recognition operates independently of depth processing = modularity

Question 10

When testing colour vision it is important to control for the ___ of the patches of the Mondrian display

Answer 10

Luminance

Question 11

How do we prevent achromotopsia patients from discriminating between 2 colours on the basis of luminance info?

Answer 11

By adding luminance noise to the green and red sides

Question 12

Zihl’s (1983) akinetopsia patient had a bilateral ___ ___ ___ lesion

Answer 12

Medial temporal lobe

Question 13

To impair face recognition you need to lesion the FFA only in…, whereas to impair motion perception you need to lesion V5….. In prospagnosia patient FB, object recognition was ___ in as much as… (Riddoch, 2008)

Answer 13

One hemisphere e.g. the RH, in both hemispheres. Intact. FB performed as well as controls regardless of how difficult the object was to name e.g. fruit/veg vs. animals vs. praxic (practical) vs. non-praxic objects

Question 14

Patient FB failed to recognise ___% of famous faces, nor even judge whether they were ___ or not = not just a ___ problem

Answer 14

90, famous, naming