visual conditions

Question 1

visual impairments (4)

Answer 1

• Cataracts
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Macular degeneration
• Glaucoma

Question 2

visual acquity deficitis (4)

Answer 2

• Myopia
• Hyperopia
• Astigmatism
• Contrast sensitivity

Question 3

ocular impairments

Answer 3

• Strabismus
• Nystagmus
• Convergence

Question 4

visual field deficits (8)

Answer 4

• Hemianopic visual field
• Homonymous visual field deficits
• homonymous hemianopia
• Right homonymous hemianopia
• Left hemianopic defects
• Homonymous quadrantanopia
• superior homonymous quadrantanopia
• Inferior homonymous quadrantanopia

Question 5

Cataracts

Answer 5

• cloudy lens

- vision appears blurred; decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity

Question 6

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 6

• deterioration of the centre of the retina

- loss of central or peripheral vision; blindness; decreased contrast and color discrimination

Question 7

Macular degeneration

Answer 7

• damage to the centre of the retina

- loss of central vision; decreased color sensitivity; decreased visual acuity

Question 8

Glaucoma

Answer 8

• damage to the optic nerve

- loss of peripheral vision

Question 9

Myopia

Answer 9

nearsightedness

- can see near but can’t see far away

Question 10

Hyperopia

Answer 10

farsightedness

- can see things far but can see things close

Question 11

Astigmatism

Answer 11

asymmetrical or distorted vision at any distance

Question 12

Contrast sensitivity

Answer 12

inability to perceive contrast

Question 13

Strabismus

Answer 13

• misalignment of the eyes
• cannot move one or both eyes through full ROM
• no smooth pursuit

Question 14

Nystagmus

Answer 14

small, involuntary, and repetitive movements of the eyes

Question 15

diplopia

Answer 15

seeing two images of a single object

Question 16

convergence

Answer 16

• blurred vision, inattentive, decreased concentration

Question 17

Hemianopic visual field

Answer 17

loss of half of the visual field

Question 18

Homonymous visual field deficits

Answer 18

Damage to the posterior optic chiasm results - loss of the same field in each eye.

Question 19

homonymous hemianopia

Answer 19

loss of the entire half of the visual field

Question 20

Right homonymous hemianopia

Answer 20

• damage to the nasal half of the retina in the right eye and the vision from the left side of the left retina is lost
• loss of the right half of the visual field

Question 21

Left hemianopic defects

Answer 21

damage to the right side of the visual pathway posterior to the optic chiasm

Question 22

Homonymous quadrantanopia

Answer 22

loss of ¼ of each visual field

Question 23

superior homonymous quadrantanopia

Answer 23

damage to Meyer’s loop

Question 24

Inferior homonymous quadrantanopia

Answer 24

damage to the optic radiation underlying the parietal cortex

Question 25

Interventions: Remediation

Answer 25

Start here first Only possible for oculomotor conditions Do scanning and tracking exercise For saccades, start exercise farther away and come closer when control is gained For oculomotor conditions, may have to refer Decreased acuity = remediation is not possible

Question 26

interventions: Compensation

Answer 26

Moving objects closer to the eyes, pacing techniques, line guides, anchors, placing a finger along the lines while reading

Question 27

interventions: Adaptation

Answer 27

Process of using changes in the environment or changing the demands of the tasks to increase safety and function Adjusting placement and intensity of lighting, increasing contrast between items, adjusting print size, and audible devices

Question 28

intervention: Cataracts

Answer 28

Colour and contrast enhancement Magnification Organisational strategies Management of lighting

Question 29

intervention: Glaucoma

Answer 29

``` Education on impairment Colour and contrast enhancement Glare control Visual skills training Organisational strategies Magnification ```

Question 30

intervention: Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 30

``` Colour and contrast enhancement Glare control Management of lighting Magnification Visual skills trainingin ```

Question 31

intervention: Macular degeneration

Answer 31

``` Colour and contrast enhancement Safety education Management of lighting Magnification Visual skills training Sensory substitutions Teach eccentric viewing strategies ```