Visual And Auditory Disorders Flashcards
Myopia
near sightedness
can see near; distance is blurry
Hyperopia
far sightedness
can see far; near is blurry
Presbyopia
a specific type of hyperopia
far sightedness that happens in people over 40 years old
loss of accomodation
Astigmatism
ill-regularity in the lens that causes visual changes (blurry)
Aphakia
loss of a lens
main symptoms of refractive errors
blurred vision, headaches, eye strain
Correctable refractive errors tx
corrective glasses
contact lenses: instruct patient to remove if experiencing RSVP
surgical therapy
RSVP teaching point
Redness, Sensitivity, Visual Problems, Pain
Uncorrectable visual impairment
causes of blindness: cataracts, glaucoma, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal disease
Total Blindness
no lights
Functional blindness
lights and shadows
legally blind
corrected vision in 2200 or worse
cannot see more than 20ft
sighted-guide techniques
stand slightly in from so the person doesn’t walk into something; offer them your elbow; instruct the pt about things in the room and where they are located
always announce entering and departure
Extraocular disorders: Hordeolum
inflammation/infection disorder
Sty Gland on eyelid get inflamed apply warm compression to drain Painful May need surgery
Extraocular disorders: Clalzion
inflammation/infection disorder
eyelid is swollen
warm compress
may need surgery
Extraocular disorders: Blepharitis
Inflammation/infection disorder
eyelid margins are inflamed
Extraocular disorders: Conjunctivitis
inflammation/infection disorder
conjunctiva is inflamed
red, crusty drainage
Corneal Abrasion
inadequate eye care
red, painful
in pt’s on ventilators, Bell’s palsy, Guillian Barre’
Intraocular Disoder: Retinal Detachment
separation of the sensory retina and the underlying epithelium, fluid accumulates
need to go the ER
usually in just 1 eye
Retinal Detachment risk factors
increased age, eye trauma, cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, severe myopia, retinopathy, personal/family hx
Retinal Detachment manifestation
light flashes, floaters, cobweb, curtain (one retina detaches)
Retinal Detachement Goal
Goal: seal retinal breaks; relieve inward traction on retina
Post-Op eye care teaching
hygiene caring for eye
symptoms of infection: redness, itching, pain
prevention of intraocular pressure: heavy lifting
instillation of eye drops: pull down and put in sac
Meds for pain (mild pain)
follow up appointment
Orbital Surger: Enucleation
removal of the entire eye
indicated for: blind, painful eye, infection, trauma, ocular malignancy
Nursing Management of Enucleation
support - psychological, social
loss of 1 eye - the pt looses depth perception
adjustment to vision loss-safety, moving with aids
assist with cognitive mapping (work with position sense, direction)
Inner Ear Problem: Meniere’s Disease
excessive accumulation of fluid in labyrinth; increases until labyrinth ruptures
unknown etiology
May lead to permanent hearing loss
Feeling constant dizziness/Tinnitus
Meniere’s Attack
When Labyrinth ruptures
Increased Tinnitus Vertigo Sensorineural hearing loss N/V fullness in ear Pallor, Sweating
Meniere’s Disease collaborative care
antihistamines, anticholinergic, benzos
bedrest - keep head still to reduce vertigo
Maintenance: diuretics, low Na diet, anti vertigo meds (antihistamines)
surgical: labyrinthectomy - will cause permanent deafness in that ear)
Meniere’s Disease nursing management
during attack: quiet, darkened room, remove flickering lights; falls precaution
post-op: quiet, darkened room, remove flickering lights, falls precaution; tinnitus and vertigo resolve over days/weeks after surgical ablation of labyrinth
Inner ear problems: Labyrinthitis
inflammation of inner ear, affects cochlear and/or vestibular part of labyrinth
infection can enter inner ear from meninges, middle ear, bloodstream
rare due to antibx use
resembles Meniere’s but is not chronic
Labyrinthitis manifestations
unilateral tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss vertigo nystagmus N/V -can result in permanent deafness
Most common complication of meningitis
