Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult ll > Chronic Neurological Problems > Flashcards

Chronic Neurological Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Tension-Type Headache

A

Bilateral, pressing/tightening

mild to moderate
no prodrome (aura)

may have photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Migraine headache

A

unilateral or bilateral throbbing pain

May have prodrome

Females more likely to have
peak incidence between 20-30y.o

“Hibernate”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Migraine triggers

A

foods, stress, hormone, meds,fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Migraine s/s

A

irritable, generalized edema, pallor, N/C, photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cluster Headaches

A

Rare
Sharp, stabbing pain, usually around the eyes radiating to forehead, temple, cheeks, nose, gums

Agitated/restless
May last 4-8wks = get them and then they go away for a period before coming back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prodrome

A

“Aura” - sensory input

Smell, taste, vision that happens before a headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Headache Dx

A

Dx by exception - r/o other causes (brain tumor, injury)

HPI, headache hx
EMG (Tension-Type)
CT/MRI if headache is abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Headache Tx

A

NSAIDS/Acetaminophen – NO OPIOIDS

Muscle relaxants = Tension Type
Serotonin receptor agonist = migraines
100% O2 = acute clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Overall goals for headaches

A

reduced or no pain
increased comfort/decrease anxiety
demonstrate an understanding of triggering events and tx strategies
positive coping strategies to deal with chronic pain
increased quality of life and decreased disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nursing Management/Teaching for Headaches

A

headache diary
quiet, dim environment
moist head and massage to the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seizure

A

Paroxysmal, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupts normal function

abnormal firing of brain; location determines presentation (not every seizure is the same)

May be idiopathic
Most stop on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Idiopathic

A

symptoms of another disease/disorder/ or without apparent cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epilepsy

A

spontaneous recurring seizures from a chronic cause

75% are idiopathic – don’t know the etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non-neurological reasons for seizures

A

alcohol withdrawal, extreme temp. changes, brain tumors, hypo/hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, excessive amounts of toxins in the body (ecstasy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Seizure Disorder/Epilepsy Clinical manifestations

A

Prodromal phase
Aural phase
Ictal phase
Postictal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prodromal phase

A

sensation of a seizure coming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aural phase

A

sensory input

18
Q

Ictal phase

A

during seizure

19
Q

Postictal phase

A

immediately after seizure

confused, can be combative

20
Q

Generalized Seizures

A

loss of consciousness

Tonic clonic, atypical and typical absence (in children)

21
Q

Tonic Clonic (grand mal)

A

loss of consciousness and falling to the ground

Stiffness of the body (tonic) - cannot breathe, excessive salivation, tongue or cheek biting, incontinence

jerking of the extremities when the brain relaxes (clonic)

22
Q

Partial aka Focal Seizures

A

one areas of the brain is affected

Simple or Complex partial

23
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

continuous tonic clonic seizures

at risk for brain damage, hyperthermia, muscle breakdown, death if left untreated

24
Q

Seizure disorders/Epilepsy complications

A

Status epilepticus
Physical injury
psychosocial

25
Q

Seizure disorders/Epilepsy Dx

A

CBC/Chemistries/LFT/UA to r/o metabolic disease
CT or MRI
EEG - electrical activity in the brain

26
Q

Seizure Disorder/Epilepsy Tx

A

treat underlying disease if possible
Client Safety

Ativan - tops active seizures

surgical therapy

O2 in the room, Padded bedside rails, suction kit, nasal cannula

27
Q

seizure disorder/epilepsy teaching

A

monitor serum levels
med teaching: side effects, don’t stop taking them

adequate rest, proper diet, exercise
avoid excessive alcohol intake
Medical alert bracelet
Driving considerations

28
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

chronic, progressive, degenerative d/o of the CNS characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord

slow onset; chronic w/ periods of remission and exacerbations

onset between 20-50y.o
mostly in females

cause unknown: viral, immunologic,genetic

29
Q

Multiple Sclerosis clinical manifestations

A 
weakness, paralysis of limbs, trunk, head
diplopis
scanning speech
pasasthesia
scotomas (patchy blindness)
decreased hearing
fatigue
spasticity
constipation
urinary urgency/freqeuncy/ dribbling/ incontinence 
decreased libido
erectile dysfunction
remission or improvement with pregnancy but high risk of exacerbation during postpartum
emotional lability
intellectual functioning unaffected
30
Q

multiple sclerosis dx

A

MRI

LP for analysis of CSF

31
Q

multiple sclerosis tx

A 
no cure
corticosteroids
immunomodulator - interferons
immunosuppressants
anticholinergics - bladder symptoms
muscle relaxations - for spasticity
CNS stimulants - for fatigue
PT, OT, speech therapy

Nutrition: Vit. B12, C, low fat, gluten free; high roughage
Be aware for triggers
Life expectance >25 yrs after onset
Death usually from infection r/t immobility or unrelated disease

32
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

autoimmune disease

Antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors

exacerbations: stress, secondary illness, menses, pregnancy, trauma, temp. extremes, hypokalemia, certain meds

33
Q

Myasthenia Gravis clinical manifestations

A

fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle
strength restored with rest
muscles used for movement of eyes, eyelids, chewing, swallowing, speaking, and breathing most commonly involved

muscles are strongest in the morning with weakness most prominent at night
no sensory loss, reflexes are normal
muscle atrophy is rare

34
Q

Myasthenia Crisis

A

acute exacerbations of weakness

affects swallowing and breathing

35
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Dx

A

Hx and PE
EMG
Anti-achr antibodies
anticholinesterase agent (Tensilon Test) - dx and therapeutic –> ATROPINE at bedside!!!

36
Q

Myasthenia Gravis tx

A 
anti cholinesterase drugs
alternate day corticosteroids
immunosuppressants
Thymectomy (if thymoma present)
Plasmapheresis - short term for crisis
Immunoglobulin G - second line tx
37
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

rare - degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord

mostly in med usually 40-70y.o

dx w/ HPI no specific tests

38
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis manifestations

A 
weakness in upper extremities
dysarthria
dysphagia
muscle wasting
no cognitive impairments
death usually occurs from respiratory infection or compromised respiratory function
39
Q

ALS collaborative Care

A

no cure

Riluozle - delays need for tach and death

moderate exercise 
supportive cognitive and emotional functioning
reduce risk of aspiration
treat pain
reduce risk of injury
diversional activities
support family/friends
40
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

genetically transmitted autosomal dominant disorder in men and women

offspring client have 50% chance of getting disease
onset between 30-50 y.o

Deficiency of Ach and GABA, excess Dopamine

41
Q

Huntington’s Disease minifestations

A 
abnormal and excessive involuntary movements (chorea)
twisting movement of face, limbs, body
speech impairment
loss of cognitive ability
emotional lability
psychotic behavior
difficulty swallowing, chewing
42
Q

Huntington’s Disease Dx

A

HPI, presence of gene
No cure
death usually 10-20ys after onset due to infection, choking, pneumonia

palliative care: antipsychotic meds, maintain safety, reduce risk of aspiration, high calorie diet due to chorea (4-5000 calories), provide family support

Adult ll (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions