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Adult ll > Altered Immune Response > Flashcards

Altered Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

normal immune response

removal of damaged cellular substance

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2
Q

Normal immune response

A

defense: antigens and pathogens
homeostasis
surveillance of mutated cells destroyed

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3
Q

Innate/Non-specific Immunity

A

no prior contact with an antigen

first line defense

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4
Q

acquired immunity

A

active acquired and passive acquired

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5
Q

active acquired immunity

A

response to specific foreign substance; immunizations

long lasting

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6
Q

passive acquired immunity

A

antibodies are received not synthesized

short lived effect

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7
Q

How do the cells respond in an immune response?

A

mononuclear phagocytosis

lymphocytes: B and T lymphocytes; T cytotoxic cells (CD8), T helper cells (CD4), natural killer cells (NK)

Dendritic cells

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8
Q

Cytokines

A

important proteins that function as messengers between cells

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9
Q

Types of Cytokines

A

alpha-interferon: chronic HBV/HCV, leukemia

beta-interferon: multiple sclerosis

Colony-stimulating factors: G-CSF/GM-CSF: neutropenia

Erythopoetin: anemia

IL 11: prevention of thrombocytopenia

Soluble TNF receptor: Rheumatoid arthritis

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10
Q

Incompetent or under responsive altered immune response

A

infections
immunodeficiency diseases
malignancies

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11
Q

Overreactive altered immune response

A

allergies

autoimmune disease

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12
Q

allergic reactions

A

hypersensitivity rxn

antibodies prepare the antigens so that phagocytic cells of the blood and tissue can dispose of them

triggers excite the mast cells to release chemical mediators such as histamine

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13
Q

types of hypersensitivity

A

Type l - anaphylactic
Type ll - cytotoxic
Type lll - immune complex runs
Type IV - delayed hypersensitivity rxns

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14
Q

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity example

A

hemolytic transfusion reaction

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15
Q

Immune complex reaction example

A

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

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16
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions example

A

contact dermatitis (poison ivy/oak), tuberculosis skin test

17
Q

anaphylaxis manifestations

A

airway obstruction, hoarseness, stridor, bronchial constriction

weak pulse, tachycardia, hypotension

itching, rashes, hives, angioedema

sense of doom, dizziness, parasthesia

N/V/D, abdominal pain

18
Q

Atopic-type allergic reaction manifestation

A

allergic rhinitis
wheezing, dyspnea, cough (asthma)

urticaria (hives)
angioedemia

19
Q

allergic disorders dx studies

A

CBC w. diff

radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

skin test

20
Q

acute anaphylaxis collaborative care

A

recognition of anaphylactic rxn; maintenance of the airway; use of tourniquet (if indicated)

administration of drugs: IM epinephrine, IV/IM benadryl, IV corticosteroids, nebulizer albuterol

treatment for shock

21
Q

chronic anaphylaxis collaborative care

A

allergen recognition and control: lifestyle changes

relaxation techniques

22
Q

Allergic disorders Drug therapy

A

antihistamines, sympathomimetic/decogestants: emergency IM epinephrine

corticosteroids, antipruritic, leukotriene receptor antagonists

23
Q

allergic disorders immunotherapy

A

if allergen cannot be avoided and drug therapy is not effective: increased dose, history of rxn, early signs of systemic rxn, prepare to treat anaphylactic rxn

24
Q

Autoimmunity

A

immune response against self

alteration in T cells alone or both T and B cells

clusters

25
Q

Autoimmunity causation

A

genetic susceptibility

initiation of auto reactivity

Plasmaphoresis

26
Q

Systemic autoimmune diseases

A

systemic lupus erythematous

rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

endocrine autoimmune disorders

A

addison’s disease

type I diabetes

28
Q

Gastrointestinal autoimmune disorder

A

ulcerative colitis/crohn’s

29
Q

Immunodeficiency disorders

A

Primary and secondary

30
Q

primary immunodeficiency disorders

A

rare, severe

phagocytic defects, B cell deficiency, T cell deficiency, combined B and T cell deficiency

31
Q

secondary immunodeficiency disorders

A

common

drug induced: chemo or corticosteroids

age: infants, older adults

malnutrition
disorder/disease: AIDS, diabetes, Cushing’s, burns, CKD

Therapies: radiation, splenectomy

Stress

Adult ll (11 decks)

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