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Brain & behaviour > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Are we limited by our visual system

A

We only respond to a narrow range of wavelengths which is the human visible spectrum

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2
Q

What does the iris do

A

Controls how much light enters the eye

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3
Q

What does the pupil do

A

It is a circular hole where the light enters the eye

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4
Q

What is the cornea

A

It is a curved transparent layer covering the iris and the pupil

The curvature is responsible for bending incoming light to focus it on the back of the eye

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5
Q

What is the lens

A

It does the same as the cornier but can change its curvature to accommodate as it is made up of cells

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6
Q

What does the retina do

A

It is a thin membrane that is at the back of the eye it is technically part of the brain

Receives light that the lens has focussed and convert it into neural signals for the brain

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7
Q

What is the fovea

A

It is the central part of the eye responsible for acuity (sharpness of vision)

Retina is spread aside to let the light directly on the cones

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8
Q

What are ganglion cells

A

Output neurons of the retina. Depart eye via optic nerve to reach brain

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9
Q

What is the blindspot of the eye

A

Is a region of the retina that contains no rods or cones - nothing to detect vision

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10
Q

Why don’t we noticed that we have a blindspot

A

It is always there but our brain fills in the gaps so that we don’t notice it

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11
Q

What is myopia?

A

Near sightedness images are focused in front of the rear of the eye this can be due to the cornea being to steep of the eyes being too long

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12
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Farsightedness the focal point goes beyond the retina this can be due to the cornea being too flat for the eyes being too short

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13
Q

What are rods

A

They work in low light monochromatic and responsible for peripheral vision

Allow us to see basic shapes and forms and are more plentiful long and narrow

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14
Q

What are cones

A

They are less numerous they work in bright light and allow us to see colour

They are responsible for central vision and fine detail

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15
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

It contains the axons of ganglion cells and travels from the retina to the brain

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16
Q

Optic chiasm?

A

X shaped structure that allows a crossing over of the optic nerves.

Allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes

17
Q

Lateral geniculate?

A

A relay centre in the thalamus for the visual pathway it receives major sensory input from the retina

18
Q

What is the primary visual cortex

A

It is the part with the occipital lobe that receive visual information from the optic nerve

19
Q

What is the V4 system

A

Colour

20
Q

What is the MT/V5 system?

A

Movement

21
Q

What is V1/primary system?

A

Optic chiasm

Lateral geniculate

Primary visual cortex

22
Q

Trichromatic theory of colour vision?

A

Colour vision is based on our sensitivity to 3 primary colours

This is consistent with the three types of cones in our eyes and explains colour blindness

23
Q

What is the opponent process theory of colour vision

A

Colour vision as a function of complimentary opposing colours

Red versus green
Blue versus yellow
Opponent colours competing with each other

24
Q

What are some causes of blindness

A 
Cataracts 
Glaucoma 
Macular degeneration 
Diabetic retinopathy 
Childhood blindness
25
Q

What are cataracts

A

Change on lens looks cloudy more opaque and less light coming in

26
Q

What is glaucoma

A

Pressure build up damaging the optic nerve

27
Q

What is macular degeneration

A

Central vision loss

28
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy

A

Damaged blood vessels - patchy loss of vision

29
Q

What is colour blindness

A

Often due to the absence or a reduced number of one or more types of cones due to genetic abnormalities

30
Q

What are the three types of colour blindness

A

Monochromacy- only one time of cone - lose all colour vision

Dichromacy - two types of cones, missing one

Trichromacy - normal vision

31
Q

What is motion blindness

A

Occurs when unable to string together images processed by the brain into perception of ongoing motion

32
Q

What is visual agnosia

A

The inability to recognise objects despite normal ability to describe the shape colour etc

Occurs when there is damage in brain areas that piece together visual elements

33
Q

Cortical blindness and blindsight?

A

Damage to V1/primary

Can identify shapes and location

Route of information flow to visual association areas is blocked however visual information is still reaching the visual association cortex without going through v1

Brain & behaviour (15 decks)

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