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Psychology > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

Wavelength

A

Longer: Red
Shorter: Violet

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2
Q

Amplitude

A

Height determines brightness

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3
Q

Purity

A

Single wavelength: completely saturated
Multiple: Natural light (de-saturated)

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4
Q

Visible spectrum

A

Our Total range of sensitivity to wavelengths of light

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5
Q

Infrared Spectrum

A

Made up of wavelengths longer than humans are able to perceive

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6
Q

Cornea

A

Allows light to pass through, beginning focusing process

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7
Q

Sclera

A

Tougher white membrane covering eye

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8
Q

Pupil

A

Light passes through after the cornea

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9
Q

Iris

A

Controls size of pupil

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10
Q

Lens

A

Light passes through after the pupil
- Focusing of light onto the retina

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11
Q

Lens Accomodation

A

Object is close = lens gets rounder
Object is far = lens gets elongated

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12
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Light passes through after the lens

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13
Q

Retina

A

Where physical stimulus translates into neural impulses

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14
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Translate physical stimulus into neural signal that is relayed to brain

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15
Q

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

A

Where photoreceptors gets nutrients

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16
Q

Rods

A
  • Low light intensities
  • No colour info
  • Poor acuity
  • Periphery
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17
Q

Cones

A
  • high light intensities
  • Provide colour, sharpness and acuity
  • Central
18
Q

Ganglion cells

A

Collect info from larger segment of retina

19
Q

What causes the blind spot?

A

Axons converge on optic disc leading there to be no photoreceptors

20
Q

Horizontal and amacrine cells

A

Allow areas within retinal layer to communicate with each other

21
Q

Receptive Field

A

Collection of rods and cones that when stimulated fire receptive field of that retinal ganglion cell

22
Q

Right visual field

A

Input from right nasal and left temporal
- processed in left visual cortex

23
Q

Left visual field

A

Input from left nasal and right temporal
- processed in right visual cortex

24
Q

What is meant by receptive fields being arranged in topographic map?

A

Neighboring locations in retina project to neighboring locations in visual cortex

25
Q

Extrastriate Cortex

A

Outside of Primary Visual Cortex
- Subserve functions related to colour, motion and object recognition

26
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Depth and motion in the field
- Runs from extrastriate cortex to parietal lobe

27
Q

Ventral Stream

A

Colour and form of object
- Runs from extrastriate cortex to temporal love

28
Q

How is visual info compressed

A

many photoreceptors to less ganglion cells to less LGN cells to less visual cortical cells

29
Q

Eye Evolution

A

cumulative selection: an evolutionary process whereby new adaptations are layered upon old adaptations

30
Q

First part of eye evolution

A

Algae used light as energy creating action potentials c

31
Q

Second part of eye evolution

A

Light sensitive patch formed into a slight curve
- allows direction of light to be sensed

32
Q

Third part of eye evolution

A

Curved patch turned into aperture
- allowed to resolve detail of image

33
Q

Fourth part of eye evolution

A

Developed to crude lens
- complete with lens, cornea and spherical shape

34
Q

Fifth part of eye evolution

A

Adjustable lens
- being able to focus and process things at different distances

35
Q

Factors that influence eye architecture

A
  • Do they live in area with light
  • Does food come from above or below
  • The movement, colour or shape of their prey
36
Q

Simple Eyes

A

Eyeball, lens and retina
- Crude lenses and accommodating lenses

37
Q

Compound Eyes

A

Arrangement of tubule units called ommatidia
- All pointing different direction to gather light that is right in front of it
- Many separate signals to one image

38
Q

Two main functions of the eye

A

Resolution (Acuity, sharpness)
Sensitivity (ability to get enough light)

39
Q

Big Eyes

A

Species that need better eyesight
- Either good for night vision or acuity

40
Q

Eye Placement

A

Lateral: Prey to see all around them
Front-Facing: Predators to have good perception

41
Q

Eye Development

A

Around 3 months old, infants ability to focus has improved to almost adult level

Psychology (12 decks)

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