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PSYCH1101 > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

The human eye can see about how many nanometers of light?

A

400-700 nanometers of light

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2
Q

What is the retina?

A

The thin layer of tissue on the back of each eye that contains photosensitive receptor cells

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3
Q

What is the first obstacle that the image/light must go through when entering the eye?

A

the cornea!

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4
Q

what is the cornea?

A

It is the transparent covering of the eye. It performs about 80% of the focusing of a visual field.

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5
Q

Where does the light that is refracted go once it goes through the cornea?

A

The pupil

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6
Q

What is the pupil?

A

The hole in the center of the eye that allows light to enter

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7
Q

After the pupil , where does the light go?

A

The iris

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8
Q

What is the iris responsible for?

A

The iris gives colour to your eyes, as it is the pigmented ring around the eye.

It is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil. Therefore controlling the amount of light that enters the eye.

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9
Q

What is behind the pupil?

A

The lens

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10
Q

What is the lens?

A

a flexible piece of tissue, focuses light on the retina

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11
Q

What is the process known as accommodation?

A

The process through which the lens changes shape to bring objects into focus on the retina.

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12
Q

What happens to your lens when an object moves farther away?

A

Your lens becomes thicker and rounder.

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13
Q

Nearsighted aka…

A

aka - MYOPIA
have longer eyes than average. CANT SEE FAR

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14
Q

Farsighted aka…

A

aka - HYPEROPIA
have shorter eyes than average. CANT SEE CLOSE

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15
Q

How do you fix myopia?

A

concave shape

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16
Q

How many layers of cells does light have to travel in your retina to arrive at the photosensitive cells?

A

5!

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17
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

specifically sensitive to exposure to light

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18
Q

What are the two specialized types of photosensitive cells called?

A

rods and cones

19
Q

what are rods responsible for?

A

sensitivity in lower levels of light/ NIGHT VISIONNN, amount of light; not detail

20
Q

What are cones responsible for?

A

fine detail, and colour

21
Q

What is found directly behind the pupil? in the centre of the retina?

A

fovea

22
Q

What is the fovea?

A

contains large concentration of cones and rods

23
Q

visual acuity

A

cones ability to transmit information about fine detail.

24
Q

Dark adaptation

A

2 stages:
Cones respond to change in light. after 8 mins, cones stop reacting as much, rods continue for an additional 20 mins

25
Q

during refraction, what happens to the image that hits our eye?

A

it is originally upside-down.

26
Q

How does the brain turn the image right-side-up?

A

uses prior knowledge to turn it.

27
Q

After rods and cones react to light where does the message go?

A

BIPOLAR CELLS - diffuse (larger ones) - recieve info from rods, midget (smaller ones) recieve infro from one cone

28
Q

The info received from bipolar cells go where?

A

ganglion cells
(Diffuse-large ganglion cell-M-cell)
(Midget-small ganglion cell-P-cell)

29
Q

What do the axons of ganglion cells form?

A

The optic nerve that begins the path to the occipital cortex

30
Q

what is the optic chiasm?

A

An X-shaped structure where the optic nerves from each eye cross before the message is sent to the thalamus

31
Q

The information from the right side of both eyes is sent where?

A

The left hemisphere

32
Q

The information from the left side of both eyes is sent where?

A

The right side of the brain

33
Q

The thalamus is the ___________ centre for the brain

A

RELAY

34
Q

Retinotopic organization

A

Spatial organization of the retinal image and is maintained through the visual pathway

35
Q

LGN stands for?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

36
Q

What is the correct order the pathway of light must travel to the VC? (9)

A

!. Cornea
2. Pupil
3. Lens
4. Rods/Cones
5. Diffuse and midget bipolar cells
6. M-cells and P-cells
7. Optic chiasm
8. LGN of the Thalamus
9. Visual Cortex

37
Q

Two theories of colour vision?

A
  1. Trichromatic theory
  2. Opponent process theory
38
Q

Trichromatic theory?

A

Theory of colour vision that proposes colour information is identified by comparing the activation of different cones in the retina

39
Q

What are the three different types of cones?

A
  1. Short-cones - S-cones - BLUE
  2. Medium wavelength cones - M-cones - GREEN
  3. Long wavelength cones - L-cones - RED
40
Q

Opponent process theory

A

A theory of colour vision that suggests that cells in the usual vision pathway increase their activation when recieving info from one kind of cone and decrease their activation when they see a different colour.

  • ORGANIZED IN PAIRS
    –> blue-yellow, red-green, black-white
41
Q

Perception depth

A

brain uses bottom-up and top-down.

The brain uses reliable cues to infer info about depth.

42
Q

What are the two cues that the brain uses to infer depth?

A
  1. monocular depth cues (only needs one eye to understand)
  2. binocular depth cues (needs both eyes to understand)
43
Q

Monocular cues is also known as…

A

pictorial cues

PSYCH1101 (10 decks)

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