Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Visceral Protozoa (amoeba and ciliates) > Flashcards

Visceral Protozoa (amoeba and ciliates) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following endoparasites is parasite of digestive tract?

a. Giardia lambia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli
d. All of the above

A

Which of the following endoparasites is parasite of digestive tract? a.Giardia lambia

b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli
* d.All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In ciliates, the numerous basal bodies are interconnected by a series of subpellicular or neurofibrites

a. microtubules
b. microfilaments
c. intermediate filaments
d. flagellum

A

b. microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False. Naegleria is commonly found in fresh water lakes in ponds in Florida and the souther U.S.?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

During pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossover of chromosomes may result in the formation of recombinant.

a. Chromatids
b. Genes
c. Chromosomes
d. All of the above

A

c.Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following parasites causes African sleeping sickness?

a. Dicrocoelium dendriticum
b. Trypanosoma brucei
c. Plasmodium
d. Toxoplasma gondii

A

b.Trypanosoma brucei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of ~~Balantidium~~?

a. It is a single cellular organism
b. It is a Protozoa
c. It belongs to the phylum Ciliophora
d. It is among the smallest members of Protozoa

A

d. It is among the smallest members of Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rue or False: What distinguishes a pathogenic amoeba from a nonpathogenic is the ability to transform from the cyst form to the trophozoite form.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Humans are the definitive host for round worms because humans harbor the reproducing adult roundworms. Depending on the species, the adult female nematode produces either fertilized eggs or Larvae. Which route is incorrect?

a. Eggs maybe immediately infective by being ingested
b. Eggs or larvae may require a period of external development to reach the infective stage
c. An insect may transmit eggs or larvae to a new host
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False:
As a general rule among flagellates the principle means of locomotion is flagellar, where as among amoeba it is pseudopodial.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sasha was diagnosed HIV positive 5 years ago. Upon her recent trip to Cabo San Luca, Mexico she returned with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and dehydration. She also felt muscle cramps and weakness. Her physician prescribed her medication for Cholera, but the symptoms remained. What parasitic infection best described Sasha’s symptomatology?

a. Giardia lamblia
b. C. parvum
c. Tocoplasma gondii
d. Pneumocystis carinii

A

b. C. parvum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A patient with Amebiasis complains of gastro-intestinal pain and diarrhea. A stool sample taken from this patient will most likely contain…

a. Entamoeba gingivalis cysts
b. Entamoeba histolytica cysts
c. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites
d. Entamoeba coli trophozoites

A

c. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following is not a mediator of the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica?

a. amoebapores
b. proteinases and phosphatases
c. CD59-like GPI-anchored surface molecules
d. hard external shell not sensitive to bodily changes

A

d. hard external shell not sensitive to bodily changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In an archeological dig, you find and unknown organism. You dissect the flagellum and find that the microtubules are arranged in a 9+2 structure. Based on this structure you can conclude that this organism…

a. is a prokaryote
b. is a eukaryote
c. belongs in kingdom archaea
d. you cannot determine the type of organism based on flagellum structure.

A

b. is a eukaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True/False: ~~Entamoeba histolytica~~ and ~~Escherichia coli~~ can both have a maximum of 4 nuclei in its cyst form.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True/False: Schizogony is a type of protozoa’s sexual reproduction, and sygany is a type of asexual reproduction.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What of the following statements is true about protozoa?

a. Have encystation that protect it against unfavorable environmental conditions.
b. Nuclear division occurs inside the trophozoite.
c. Do not have pseudopodia but flagella or cilia.
d. Have cytostome that functions in osmoregulation

A

a. Have encystation that protect it against unfavorable environmental conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following processes can be further studied to develop anti-protozoan drugs?

a. The regulation of androgen receptor on its plasma membrane
b. The regulation of enzyme-linked receptor inside the nucleus
c. The structure of the cyst wall
d. The signaling pathway involves that leads to the biosynthesis of cyst wall components.

A

d. The signaling pathway involves that leads to the biosynthesis of cyst wall components.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. Genus Trichomonas include three genera: Dientamoeba, Trichonomas, Pentatrichomonas.
b. Cyst is the main form of transmission
c. Have hydrogenosome that has analogous function of mitochondria
d. T. vaginalis belongs to genus Trichomonas.

A

b. Cyst is the main form of transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True/False:

Metronidazole is a drug used to treat facultative aerobes such as Giardia and Entamoeba Histolytica.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True/False: A few components of the innate immune system are macrophages, the lining of internal tracts, secretions, soluble blood proteins, and the skin.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which is true of the genus Trichomonas?

a. they have free flagella
b. no cyst form
c. anatomically site specific
d. these are all true

A

d. these are all true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This cell allows macrophages to engulf foreign particles in the host.

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following supports the immature (not fully developed) form of a parasite?

a. Paratenic host
b. Definitive host
c. Intermediate host
d. All of the above

A

c. Intermediate host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a host type?

a. Obligate Host
b. Paratenic Host
c. Intermediate Host
d. Definitive Host

A

a. Obligate Host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Early and late endosomes are distinguished on the basis of what? (Select all that apply)

a. Buoyant density
b. Molecular weight
c. pH
d. protein composition e.None of the above

A

a, c, d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

____ attracts phagocytes to a pathogen.

A

Opsonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is commonly found inside pathogenic amoebas?

a. Leukocytes
b. Lymphocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. None of the above

A

c. Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which genus is pathogenic out of the suborder Tubulina?

a. Iodamoeba
b. Endolimax
c. Entamoeba
d. none of the above

A

c. Entamoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True or False? One way to distinguish between Entomoeba histolytica and Entomoeba coli is by the number of nuclei, the chromatoidal bars, and the size of the cysts.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the world’s most prevalent intestinal parasite? a. Enterobius

b. Ancylostoma
c. Entamoeba
d. Giardia

A

d. Giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Many protozoa form cysts.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Endodyogeny is a form of endopolyogeny where what is formed?

a. Two mother cells
b. Two daughter cells
c. Cysts
d. Flagella

A

b. Two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a unique feature of Entamoeba histolytica? a. Has three morphological forms

b. Has rough chromatoidal bars
c. Facultative aerobe
d. Has central nucleolus

A

d. Has central nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a main characteristic of Entamoeba coli?

a. has 8 nuclei
b. has one chromatoidal bar
c. is the smallest of all of the Entamoeba parasites

A

a. has 8 nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

About how much of the world’s population is infected with E. histolytica?

a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 25%

A

b. 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are some of the symptoms associated with Amebic Colitis?

a. Gastro-intestinal pain
b. Diarrhea
c. Weight loss
d. All of the above

A

What are some of the symptoms associated with Amebic Colitis? a. Gastro-intestinal pain

b. Diarrhea
c. Weight loss
* d. All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

I. Both share an identical genetic language.
II. Both share a common set of membrane-bound organelles.
III. Both have plasma membrane of similar construction.
IV. Both share common metabolic pathways.

a. I, II, and III
b. II, III and IV
c. I , III and IV
d. I and III
e. all of above

A

c. I , III and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The incubation period of Giardia is _____

A

1-2 weeks

39
Q

____ is the fatty and smelly stool often associated with Giardia.

A

Steatorrhea

40
Q

Giardia requires _______ cysts to establish infection.

a. 1-10
b. 10-100
c. 100-1000
d. 1000-10000
e. Giardia does not produce cysts

A

b. 10-100

41
Q

Intestinal and Urogential Flagellates are members of the phylum

a. Mastigophora
b. Giardia
c. Trophozoite
d. Flagellates
e. Sarcomastigophora

A

e. Sarcomastigophora

42
Q

Which of the following endoparasites is parasite of digestive tract?

a. Giardia lambia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli
d. All of the above

A

d.All of the above

43
Q

Non-pathogenic amoeba usually have ________ in their trophozoites.

a. Red blood cells
b. Bacteria
c. a and b
d. non of the above

A

b. Bacteria

44
Q

Which of the following is true about Entamoeba histolytica?

a. It belongs in the class Lobosea
b. It has mitosomes.
c. It does not have cyst formation.
d. a and b are correct

A

d. a and b are correct

45
Q

Which of the following is true about Entamoeba histolytica?

a. It belongs in the class Lobosea
b. It has mitosomes.
c. It does not have cyst formation.
d. a and b are correct

A

d. a and b are correct

46
Q

The two main functions of Entamoeba histolytica’s mediators of pathogenesis are

a. Attachment to host’s epithelia cells in the large intestine, and protection against binding of antibody and attachment
b. Attachment to host’s epithelia cells in the large intestine, and protection against phagocytosis by neutrophils.
c. Attachment to host’s epithelia cells in the large intestine, and protection against phagocytosis by macrophages.
d. None of the above.

A

d. None of the above.

47
Q

Which of the following is extraintestinal diseases caused by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica? a. Amebic liver abscess

b. Pulmonary Amebiasis
c. Brain abscess.
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

48
Q

Genitourinary amebiasis is one of the extraintestinal diseases caused by trophozoite-induced cell destruction.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

49
Q

True/False: Species in sub-phylum Sarcodina use flagella for locomotion.

A

False

50
Q

True/False: Species in sub-phylum Mastigophora use pseudopodia for locomotion

A

False

51
Q

Which of the following species has the biggest size in suborder Tubulina?

a. Endolimax nana
b. Entamoeba gingivalis
c. Giardia
d. Entamoeba histolytica

A

b. Entamoeba gingivalis

52
Q

Which of the following species belong to suborder Tubulina?

a. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Dientamoeba.
b. Iodamoeba buctschlii, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichonomas.
c. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba gingivalis, Iodamoeba buctschlii.
d. None of the above.

A

c. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba gingivalis, Iodamoeba buctschlii.

53
Q

True/False:The mature cyst of entamoeba histolytica usually has 8 nuclei.

A

False

54
Q

Which of the following is false about Entamoeba gingivalis?

a. The mature cyst has the size of 15 um.
b. It is one for the parasites of the mouth.
c. It belongs to the order Tubulina.
d. It uses pseudopodia for locomotion.

A

a. The mature cyst has the size of 15 um.

55
Q

Which of the following speicies are free living amoebae?

a. Naegleria fowleri and Hartmanella
b. Endolimax and Hartmanella
c. Acanthamoeba and Giardia
d. None of the above

A

a. Naegleria fowleri and Hartmanella

56
Q

Which of the following is false about primary amebic meningoencephalitis?

a. Incubation period is about 5-7 days
b. Cysts found in CSF and high neutrophil count.
c. Caused by Naegleria Fowleri.
d. Infection is not dependent on immune status.

A

b. Cysts found in CSF and high neutrophil count.

57
Q

Biopsy specimens were taken from patients infected with just Naegleria and patients infected with just Acanthamoeba. What is the difference observed between the two different biopsy specimens?

a. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Naegleria, only cysts are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Acanthamoeba, however.
b. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Naegleria, only trophozoites are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Acanthamoeba, however.
c. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Acanthamoeba, only cysts are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Naegleria, however.
d. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Acanthamoeba, only trophozoites are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Naegleria, however.

A

d. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Acanthamoeba, only trophozoites are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Naegleria, however.

58
Q

Many protozoa form cysts which are round cytoplasmic masses surrounded by a rigid or semi-rigid cyst wall secreted by an organism. Which of the following is not true of cysts?

a. The cyst is the site for morphogenesis and nuclear division.
b. The cyst form of an organism is not the infective form of a parasite.
c. The the cyst protects the organsim from unfavorable external enviornmental conditions. d. The cyst form of an organism is the infective form of a parasite.

A

b. The cyst form of an organism is not the infective form of a parasite.

59
Q 
Which type of cyst from some amoebae parasites, found in humans and domestic animals, contains chromatoidal bars? 
A. E.nana
B. I.butschilii
C. E.bovis
D. E.Coli
A

D. E.Coli

60
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
A. T.b. gambiense causes chronic sleeping sickness.
B. Kissing bugs and sandflies are other common vectors of African Trypanosomes.
C. The blood- brain barrier makes it difficult to treat sleeping sickness once the parasite enters the brain.
D. Tsetse flies lay their eggs in the shallow water, making it easy to find and eliminate their eggs.

A

D. Tsetse flies lay their eggs in the shallow water, making it easy to find and eliminate their eggs.

61
Q

Which of the following species causes malabsorption of fats, fat soluble substances and Vitamin B12?

a. Giardia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Naegleria Fowleri
d. T. vaginalis

A

a. Giardia

62
Q

True/False: Species in the genus of Trichomonas do not have cysts.

A

True

63
Q

The carrier state of amoebiasis is known as

a. Dormant stage
b. Amebic colitis
c. Hypoplasia
d. Luminal amoebiasis

A

d. Luminal amoebiasis

64
Q

What are the end products in the metabolization of lactate in Trichomonads?

a. Formate
b. Acetate
c. Pyruvate
* d. a and b
e. b and c

A

*d. a and b

65
Q

In which morphological form of Entamoeba histolytica is the organism considered pathogenic?

a. Trophozoite
b. Cyst
c. Amoeboid
d. Both A and B

A

a. Trophozoite

66
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Amoebaphore A in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites cause liver abscesses whereas amoebaphores B and C are the causative agents of amoebic colitis.

A

True

67
Q

True/False: Giardia has no mitochondria but can use oxygen when available.

A

True

68
Q

All of the following are nonpathogenic flagellates except:

a. Chilomastix mesnili
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Trichomonas tenax
d. Dientamoeba fragilis

A

b.Trichomonas vaginalis

69
Q

Giardia Lambia divides by binary fission in the _____ direction.

A

longitudinal

70
Q

Backpacker’s disease is the popular name of the infection caused by:

a. Dientamoeba
b. Giardia
c. Retortamonas
d. Chilomastix

A

b. Giardia

71
Q

True/False: Trichomonas tenax have 4 free flagellar

A

True

72
Q

Pentatrichomonas hominis

a. have 5 free flagellar
b. reside in the large intestine
c. are thought to be associated with bowel disease
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

73
Q

Hallmarks of intestinal disease (amebic colitis) include:

a. flask shaped lesions
b. diarrhea, dysentery, GI pain
c. vomiting
d. a and b
e. all of the above

A

d. a and b

74
Q

True/False:The mucosa of the intestines gets thinner with Amebic Colitis.

A

False

75
Q

Amebic Liver abscess, induced by Trophozoites, is: a. a set of protrusions formed on the liver

b. swelling of the liver
c. destruction of liver cells
d. none of the above

A

c. destruction of liver cells

76
Q

True/False: Immobile parasites can invade the intestine.

A

False

77
Q

Amoeba-induced inflammations in the intestine leads to ______-mediated intestinal destruction.

A

{neutrophil}

78
Q

Ionophore-like proteins called _______ mediate cytolytic and apoptotic effects among epithelial cells and neutrophils.

A

{amoebapores}

79
Q

Cysts can be killed by:

a. freezing
b. boiling
c. bleach
d. cysts can’t be killed

A

b. boiling

80
Q

Naegleria fowleri “nibble” away at cells by means of sucker-like appendages called ______

A

{amebostomes}

81
Q

Ciliates have which kinds of vacuoles?

a. contractile
b. gas
c. food
d. a and c
e. b and c
f. all of the above

A

d. a and c

82
Q

Ciliates are found in which Phylum?

a. Ciliophora
b. Mollusca
c. Echinodermata
d. Chordata

A

a. Ciliophora

83
Q 
Which of the following is not a symptom of Intestinal Disease (Amebic Colitis)? 
a. gastro-intestinal pain
b. diarrhea
C. weight loss
D. weight gain
A

D. weight gain

84
Q

An effective way to reduce specific visceral protozoal infection such as E. hystolytica and G. lamblia is to:

a. Take large amounts of zinc and vitamin C to ensure proper immune health
b. Boil drinking water, add 1.25-3 grams of iodine per liter of water in endemic areas.
c. Avoid eating undercooked meats and poultry
d. There is no effective way to prevent such infections

A

b. Boil drinking water, add 1.25-3 grams of iodine per liter of water in endemic areas.

85
Q

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) due to Naegleria Fowleri, if diagnosed in time, can be treated with the following:

a. High dose amoxicillin and flagyl
b. intravenous Vancomycin
c. intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B and miconazole, plus rifampin
d. There is no effective treatment

A

c. intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B and miconazole, plus rifampin

86
Q

Which of the following is a mode of transmission for amoeba?

a. water
b. food-borne
c. airborne
d. a and b
e. b and c

A

d. a and b

87
Q

True/False: Metronidazole is a typical drug used to treat visceral protozoa.

A

True

88
Q

Which of the following is pathogenic under the Sub-order Tubulina?

a. ~~Iodamoeba~~
b. ~~Entamoeba~~
c. ~~Naegleria~~
d. ~~Acanthamoeba~~
e. ~~Endolimax~~

A

b. ~~Entamoeba~~

89
Q

In regards to ~~Plasmodium falciparum~~, once the parasite gets into red blood cells and is dividing, what is the duration of the fever free period?

a. 0 hours, there is no fever free period
b. 24-36 hours
c. 36-72 hours
d. 36-48 hours
e. 48-72 hours

A

c. 36-72 hours

90
Q

You’re attempting to identify a sample of unknown bacteria. You’ve been told it belongs to the genus Entamoeba, but you still need to determine the species. Looking under a microscope, you see jagged chromosomal bars and nuclei predominately located around the outside. Based on this information, what is this bacteria?

a. E. histolytica
b. E. gingivalis
c. E. coli
d. E. polecki

A

c. E. coli

91
Q

Metronidazole is effective against:

a. worms
b. anaerobes
c. Giardia
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

d. all of the above

92
Q

Which is true about free living amoeba Naegleira fowleri:

a. There is no cyst stage in humans
b. They are thermophobic
c. Infection is dependent on immune status
d. Cysts is unplugged
e. None of the above

A

a. There is no cyst stage in humans

93
Q

True/False: The tissue inflammatory response during amoebiasis is initiated and fuelled by a
combination of human and amoebic factors and ultimately leads to basophil-mediated intestinal destruction.

A

False

Parasitology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions