Visceral Protozoa (amoeba and ciliates) Flashcards
Which of the following endoparasites is parasite of digestive tract?
a. Giardia lambia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli
d. All of the above
Which of the following endoparasites is parasite of digestive tract? a.Giardia lambia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli
* d.All of the above
In ciliates, the numerous basal bodies are interconnected by a series of subpellicular or neurofibrites
a. microtubules
b. microfilaments
c. intermediate filaments
d. flagellum
b. microfilaments
True or False. Naegleria is commonly found in fresh water lakes in ponds in Florida and the souther U.S.?
True
During pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossover of chromosomes may result in the formation of recombinant.
a. Chromatids
b. Genes
c. Chromosomes
d. All of the above
c.Chromosomes
Which of the following parasites causes African sleeping sickness?
a. Dicrocoelium dendriticum
b. Trypanosoma brucei
c. Plasmodium
d. Toxoplasma gondii
b.Trypanosoma brucei
Which of the following is NOT true of ~~Balantidium~~?
a. It is a single cellular organism
b. It is a Protozoa
c. It belongs to the phylum Ciliophora
d. It is among the smallest members of Protozoa
d. It is among the smallest members of Protozoa
rue or False: What distinguishes a pathogenic amoeba from a nonpathogenic is the ability to transform from the cyst form to the trophozoite form.
False
Humans are the definitive host for round worms because humans harbor the reproducing adult roundworms. Depending on the species, the adult female nematode produces either fertilized eggs or Larvae. Which route is incorrect?
a. Eggs maybe immediately infective by being ingested
b. Eggs or larvae may require a period of external development to reach the infective stage
c. An insect may transmit eggs or larvae to a new host
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
True or False:
As a general rule among flagellates the principle means of locomotion is flagellar, where as among amoeba it is pseudopodial.
True
Sasha was diagnosed HIV positive 5 years ago. Upon her recent trip to Cabo San Luca, Mexico she returned with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and dehydration. She also felt muscle cramps and weakness. Her physician prescribed her medication for Cholera, but the symptoms remained. What parasitic infection best described Sasha’s symptomatology?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. C. parvum
c. Tocoplasma gondii
d. Pneumocystis carinii
b. C. parvum
A patient with Amebiasis complains of gastro-intestinal pain and diarrhea. A stool sample taken from this patient will most likely contain…
a. Entamoeba gingivalis cysts
b. Entamoeba histolytica cysts
c. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites
d. Entamoeba coli trophozoites
c. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites
Which of the following is not a mediator of the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica?
a. amoebapores
b. proteinases and phosphatases
c. CD59-like GPI-anchored surface molecules
d. hard external shell not sensitive to bodily changes
d. hard external shell not sensitive to bodily changes
In an archeological dig, you find and unknown organism. You dissect the flagellum and find that the microtubules are arranged in a 9+2 structure. Based on this structure you can conclude that this organism…
a. is a prokaryote
b. is a eukaryote
c. belongs in kingdom archaea
d. you cannot determine the type of organism based on flagellum structure.
b. is a eukaryote
True/False: ~~Entamoeba histolytica~~ and ~~Escherichia coli~~ can both have a maximum of 4 nuclei in its cyst form.
False
True/False: Schizogony is a type of protozoa’s sexual reproduction, and sygany is a type of asexual reproduction.
False
What of the following statements is true about protozoa?
a. Have encystation that protect it against unfavorable environmental conditions.
b. Nuclear division occurs inside the trophozoite.
c. Do not have pseudopodia but flagella or cilia.
d. Have cytostome that functions in osmoregulation
a. Have encystation that protect it against unfavorable environmental conditions.
Which of the following processes can be further studied to develop anti-protozoan drugs?
a. The regulation of androgen receptor on its plasma membrane
b. The regulation of enzyme-linked receptor inside the nucleus
c. The structure of the cyst wall
d. The signaling pathway involves that leads to the biosynthesis of cyst wall components.
d. The signaling pathway involves that leads to the biosynthesis of cyst wall components.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Genus Trichomonas include three genera: Dientamoeba, Trichonomas, Pentatrichomonas.
b. Cyst is the main form of transmission
c. Have hydrogenosome that has analogous function of mitochondria
d. T. vaginalis belongs to genus Trichomonas.
b. Cyst is the main form of transmission
True/False:
Metronidazole is a drug used to treat facultative aerobes such as Giardia and Entamoeba Histolytica.
False
True/False: A few components of the innate immune system are macrophages, the lining of internal tracts, secretions, soluble blood proteins, and the skin.
True
Which is true of the genus Trichomonas?
a. they have free flagella
b. no cyst form
c. anatomically site specific
d. these are all true
d. these are all true
This cell allows macrophages to engulf foreign particles in the host.
Cytoskeleton
Which of the following supports the immature (not fully developed) form of a parasite?
a. Paratenic host
b. Definitive host
c. Intermediate host
d. All of the above
c. Intermediate host
Which of the following is NOT a host type?
a. Obligate Host
b. Paratenic Host
c. Intermediate Host
d. Definitive Host
a. Obligate Host
Early and late endosomes are distinguished on the basis of what? (Select all that apply)
a. Buoyant density
b. Molecular weight
c. pH
d. protein composition e.None of the above
a, c, d
____ attracts phagocytes to a pathogen.
Opsonization
What is commonly found inside pathogenic amoebas?
a. Leukocytes
b. Lymphocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. None of the above
c. Erythrocytes
Which genus is pathogenic out of the suborder Tubulina?
a. Iodamoeba
b. Endolimax
c. Entamoeba
d. none of the above
c. Entamoeba
True or False? One way to distinguish between Entomoeba histolytica and Entomoeba coli is by the number of nuclei, the chromatoidal bars, and the size of the cysts.
True
Which of the following is considered to be the world’s most prevalent intestinal parasite? a. Enterobius
b. Ancylostoma
c. Entamoeba
d. Giardia
d. Giardia
TRUE or FALSE: Many protozoa form cysts.
True
Endodyogeny is a form of endopolyogeny where what is formed?
a. Two mother cells
b. Two daughter cells
c. Cysts
d. Flagella
b. Two daughter cells
What is a unique feature of Entamoeba histolytica? a. Has three morphological forms
b. Has rough chromatoidal bars
c. Facultative aerobe
d. Has central nucleolus
d. Has central nucleolus
What is a main characteristic of Entamoeba coli?
a. has 8 nuclei
b. has one chromatoidal bar
c. is the smallest of all of the Entamoeba parasites
a. has 8 nuclei
About how much of the world’s population is infected with E. histolytica?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 25%
b. 10%
What are some of the symptoms associated with Amebic Colitis?
a. Gastro-intestinal pain
b. Diarrhea
c. Weight loss
d. All of the above
What are some of the symptoms associated with Amebic Colitis? a. Gastro-intestinal pain
b. Diarrhea
c. Weight loss
* d. All of the above
Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
I. Both share an identical genetic language.
II. Both share a common set of membrane-bound organelles.
III. Both have plasma membrane of similar construction.
IV. Both share common metabolic pathways.
a. I, II, and III
b. II, III and IV
c. I , III and IV
d. I and III
e. all of above
c. I , III and IV
The incubation period of Giardia is _____
1-2 weeks
____ is the fatty and smelly stool often associated with Giardia.
Steatorrhea
Giardia requires _______ cysts to establish infection.
a. 1-10
b. 10-100
c. 100-1000
d. 1000-10000
e. Giardia does not produce cysts
b. 10-100
Intestinal and Urogential Flagellates are members of the phylum
a. Mastigophora
b. Giardia
c. Trophozoite
d. Flagellates
e. Sarcomastigophora
e. Sarcomastigophora
Which of the following endoparasites is parasite of digestive tract?
a. Giardia lambia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli
d. All of the above
d.All of the above
Non-pathogenic amoeba usually have ________ in their trophozoites.
a. Red blood cells
b. Bacteria
c. a and b
d. non of the above
b. Bacteria
Which of the following is true about Entamoeba histolytica?
a. It belongs in the class Lobosea
b. It has mitosomes.
c. It does not have cyst formation.
d. a and b are correct
d. a and b are correct
Which of the following is true about Entamoeba histolytica?
a. It belongs in the class Lobosea
b. It has mitosomes.
c. It does not have cyst formation.
d. a and b are correct
d. a and b are correct
The two main functions of Entamoeba histolytica’s mediators of pathogenesis are
a. Attachment to host’s epithelia cells in the large intestine, and protection against binding of antibody and attachment
b. Attachment to host’s epithelia cells in the large intestine, and protection against phagocytosis by neutrophils.
c. Attachment to host’s epithelia cells in the large intestine, and protection against phagocytosis by macrophages.
d. None of the above.
d. None of the above.
Which of the following is extraintestinal diseases caused by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica? a. Amebic liver abscess
b. Pulmonary Amebiasis
c. Brain abscess.
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Genitourinary amebiasis is one of the extraintestinal diseases caused by trophozoite-induced cell destruction.
a. True
b. False
a. True
True/False: Species in sub-phylum Sarcodina use flagella for locomotion.
False
True/False: Species in sub-phylum Mastigophora use pseudopodia for locomotion
False
Which of the following species has the biggest size in suborder Tubulina?
a. Endolimax nana
b. Entamoeba gingivalis
c. Giardia
d. Entamoeba histolytica
b. Entamoeba gingivalis
Which of the following species belong to suborder Tubulina?
a. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Dientamoeba.
b. Iodamoeba buctschlii, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichonomas.
c. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba gingivalis, Iodamoeba buctschlii.
d. None of the above.
c. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba gingivalis, Iodamoeba buctschlii.
True/False:The mature cyst of entamoeba histolytica usually has 8 nuclei.
False
Which of the following is false about Entamoeba gingivalis?
a. The mature cyst has the size of 15 um.
b. It is one for the parasites of the mouth.
c. It belongs to the order Tubulina.
d. It uses pseudopodia for locomotion.
a. The mature cyst has the size of 15 um.
Which of the following speicies are free living amoebae?
a. Naegleria fowleri and Hartmanella
b. Endolimax and Hartmanella
c. Acanthamoeba and Giardia
d. None of the above
a. Naegleria fowleri and Hartmanella
Which of the following is false about primary amebic meningoencephalitis?
a. Incubation period is about 5-7 days
b. Cysts found in CSF and high neutrophil count.
c. Caused by Naegleria Fowleri.
d. Infection is not dependent on immune status.
b. Cysts found in CSF and high neutrophil count.
Biopsy specimens were taken from patients infected with just Naegleria and patients infected with just Acanthamoeba. What is the difference observed between the two different biopsy specimens?
a. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Naegleria, only cysts are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Acanthamoeba, however.
b. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Naegleria, only trophozoites are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Acanthamoeba, however.
c. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Acanthamoeba, only cysts are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Naegleria, however.
d. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Acanthamoeba, only trophozoites are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Naegleria, however.
d. Both cysts and trophozoites are found in the specimen from patient infected with Acanthamoeba, only trophozoites are found in the specimen from the patient infected with Naegleria, however.
Many protozoa form cysts which are round cytoplasmic masses surrounded by a rigid or semi-rigid cyst wall secreted by an organism. Which of the following is not true of cysts?
a. The cyst is the site for morphogenesis and nuclear division.
b. The cyst form of an organism is not the infective form of a parasite.
c. The the cyst protects the organsim from unfavorable external enviornmental conditions. d. The cyst form of an organism is the infective form of a parasite.
b. The cyst form of an organism is not the infective form of a parasite.
Which type of cyst from some amoebae parasites, found in humans and domestic animals, contains chromatoidal bars? A. E.nana B. I.butschilii C. E.bovis D. E.Coli
D. E.Coli
Which of the following statements is false?
A. T.b. gambiense causes chronic sleeping sickness.
B. Kissing bugs and sandflies are other common vectors of African Trypanosomes.
C. The blood- brain barrier makes it difficult to treat sleeping sickness once the parasite enters the brain.
D. Tsetse flies lay their eggs in the shallow water, making it easy to find and eliminate their eggs.
D. Tsetse flies lay their eggs in the shallow water, making it easy to find and eliminate their eggs.
Which of the following species causes malabsorption of fats, fat soluble substances and Vitamin B12?
a. Giardia
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Naegleria Fowleri
d. T. vaginalis
a. Giardia
True/False: Species in the genus of Trichomonas do not have cysts.
True
The carrier state of amoebiasis is known as
a. Dormant stage
b. Amebic colitis
c. Hypoplasia
d. Luminal amoebiasis
d. Luminal amoebiasis
What are the end products in the metabolization of lactate in Trichomonads?
a. Formate
b. Acetate
c. Pyruvate
* d. a and b
e. b and c
*d. a and b
In which morphological form of Entamoeba histolytica is the organism considered pathogenic?
a. Trophozoite
b. Cyst
c. Amoeboid
d. Both A and B
a. Trophozoite
TRUE/FALSE. Amoebaphore A in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites cause liver abscesses whereas amoebaphores B and C are the causative agents of amoebic colitis.
True
True/False: Giardia has no mitochondria but can use oxygen when available.
True
All of the following are nonpathogenic flagellates except:
a. Chilomastix mesnili
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Trichomonas tenax
d. Dientamoeba fragilis
b.Trichomonas vaginalis
Giardia Lambia divides by binary fission in the _____ direction.
longitudinal
Backpacker’s disease is the popular name of the infection caused by:
a. Dientamoeba
b. Giardia
c. Retortamonas
d. Chilomastix
b. Giardia
True/False: Trichomonas tenax have 4 free flagellar
True
Pentatrichomonas hominis
a. have 5 free flagellar
b. reside in the large intestine
c. are thought to be associated with bowel disease
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Hallmarks of intestinal disease (amebic colitis) include:
a. flask shaped lesions
b. diarrhea, dysentery, GI pain
c. vomiting
d. a and b
e. all of the above
d. a and b
True/False:The mucosa of the intestines gets thinner with Amebic Colitis.
False
Amebic Liver abscess, induced by Trophozoites, is: a. a set of protrusions formed on the liver
b. swelling of the liver
c. destruction of liver cells
d. none of the above
c. destruction of liver cells
True/False: Immobile parasites can invade the intestine.
False
Amoeba-induced inflammations in the intestine leads to ______-mediated intestinal destruction.
{neutrophil}
Ionophore-like proteins called _______ mediate cytolytic and apoptotic effects among epithelial cells and neutrophils.
{amoebapores}
Cysts can be killed by:
a. freezing
b. boiling
c. bleach
d. cysts can’t be killed
b. boiling
Naegleria fowleri “nibble” away at cells by means of sucker-like appendages called ______
{amebostomes}
Ciliates have which kinds of vacuoles?
a. contractile
b. gas
c. food
d. a and c
e. b and c
f. all of the above
d. a and c
Ciliates are found in which Phylum?
a. Ciliophora
b. Mollusca
c. Echinodermata
d. Chordata
a. Ciliophora
Which of the following is not a symptom of Intestinal Disease (Amebic Colitis)? a. gastro-intestinal pain b. diarrhea C. weight loss D. weight gain
D. weight gain
An effective way to reduce specific visceral protozoal infection such as E. hystolytica and G. lamblia is to:
a. Take large amounts of zinc and vitamin C to ensure proper immune health
b. Boil drinking water, add 1.25-3 grams of iodine per liter of water in endemic areas.
c. Avoid eating undercooked meats and poultry
d. There is no effective way to prevent such infections
b. Boil drinking water, add 1.25-3 grams of iodine per liter of water in endemic areas.
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) due to Naegleria Fowleri, if diagnosed in time, can be treated with the following:
a. High dose amoxicillin and flagyl
b. intravenous Vancomycin
c. intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B and miconazole, plus rifampin
d. There is no effective treatment
c. intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B and miconazole, plus rifampin
Which of the following is a mode of transmission for amoeba?
a. water
b. food-borne
c. airborne
d. a and b
e. b and c
d. a and b
True/False: Metronidazole is a typical drug used to treat visceral protozoa.
True
Which of the following is pathogenic under the Sub-order Tubulina?
a. ~~Iodamoeba~~
b. ~~Entamoeba~~
c. ~~Naegleria~~
d. ~~Acanthamoeba~~
e. ~~Endolimax~~
b. ~~Entamoeba~~
In regards to ~~Plasmodium falciparum~~, once the parasite gets into red blood cells and is dividing, what is the duration of the fever free period?
a. 0 hours, there is no fever free period
b. 24-36 hours
c. 36-72 hours
d. 36-48 hours
e. 48-72 hours
c. 36-72 hours
You’re attempting to identify a sample of unknown bacteria. You’ve been told it belongs to the genus Entamoeba, but you still need to determine the species. Looking under a microscope, you see jagged chromosomal bars and nuclei predominately located around the outside. Based on this information, what is this bacteria?
a. E. histolytica
b. E. gingivalis
c. E. coli
d. E. polecki
c. E. coli
Metronidazole is effective against:
a. worms
b. anaerobes
c. Giardia
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Which is true about free living amoeba Naegleira fowleri:
a. There is no cyst stage in humans
b. They are thermophobic
c. Infection is dependent on immune status
d. Cysts is unplugged
e. None of the above
a. There is no cyst stage in humans
True/False: The tissue inflammatory response during amoebiasis is initiated and fuelled by a
combination of human and amoebic factors and ultimately leads to basophil-mediated intestinal destruction.
False
