Visceral Flukes Flashcards
1
Q
Fasciola is common in? And sometimes found in
A
Sheep. Humans
2
Q
Fasciola reside in
A
Gall Bladder and bile ducts in the Liver
3
Q
Cephalic Cone
A
Cone shaped projection on Fasciola anterior end
4
Q
Where is the oral sucker located on Fasciola
A
End of cephalic cone
5
Q
Fasciola oral vs ventral sucker sizes
A
Almost equal
6
Q
Fasciola shape of testes and caecum
A
Branched
7
Q
Location of Fasciola Uterus
A
Anteriorly
8
Q
Fasciola eggs pass through
A
Out liver into intestine, expelled through feces
9
Q
Fasciola Embryonated or Unembryonated
A
Unembryonated
10
Q
Unembryonated Eggs Miracidium hatches where
A
In water
11
Q
Fasciola Eggs development into miracidiun
A
Eggs in water hatch in 9-10 days
12
Q
Fasciola have 24hrs to
A
Find a snail host or die
13
Q
Fasciola miracidium upon penetrating snails
A
Metamorphoses into Sporocyst giving rise to Mother Rediae, which can give rise to Daughter Rediae
14
Q
Fasciola Redia Brood Chambers
A
Germ balls develop into cercaria
15
Q
Fasciola infected snails morphology
A
Stunted and shell distortion
16
Q
Fasciola cercaria emerge from snail time
A
5-7 weeks after infection
17
Q
Fasciola infected snails in dried water
A
Snail burrow into mud, survive infected for months. Water comes and snails emerge and shed many cercaria rapidly with simple tail twice its body length
18
Q
Fasciola cercaria look for
A
Aquatic objects, plants
19
Q
Fasciola cercaria on plants
A
Encyst into metacercaria which sheep/cattle eat
20
Q
Humans become infected by Fasciola how
A
Humans eat Metacercaria infected plants
21
Q
Fasciola juveniles path
A
Excuse in duodenum, penetrate intestinal wall, travel to liver
22
Q
Fasciola juvenile sexual maturity
A
12 weeks in liver where they feed and reach sex m.
23
Q
Fascioliasis
A
Fasciola disease caused by worms migration and presence in bile ducts
24
Q
Fasciola damage from migration
A
Larvae migration to bile ducts cause damage and Eosinophilic Inflammation to Hepatic Parenchyma
25
Fasciola damage residing
In bile ducts cause Hyperplasia of Biliary Epithelium and hardening of biliary wall ducts
26
Acute Fascioliasis cause
Seen in sheep only. ingestion of more than 10k metacercariae at once
27
Large number of migrating Fasciola results in
Traumatic Hepatitis, leading to death
28
Fascioliasis in humans
Head/backache, nausea, coughing, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain
29
Adult Fasciola cause
Block bile ducts causing Obstructive Jaundice
30
Life span of Adult Fasciola in humans
5-10years
31
ID of Fasciola
Eggs in feces
32
Fasciola Treatment
Oral Bithionol and Praziquantel for 2 weeks
33
Fasciola Animals infections affect the world by
Economic losses in production of wool, milk, and meat
34
Fasciola Control/Prevention
Sheep/cattle feces should not be allowed aquatic regions. Snail pops monitored
35
Clonorchis sinensis types of eggs
Embryonated
36
Clonorchis sinensis strength of suckers
Weakly developed
37
Clonorchis sinensis Male Reproductive system
2 Testes and Seminal Vesicle leading to Genital Pore
38
Clonorchis sinensis Female Reproductive system
Small Ovary. Vitellaria, Gravid Uterus extending From ovary to Genital Pore
39
Clonorchis sinensis live where
Bile ducts
40
Clonorchis sinensis excyst where
Duodenum and migrate to common bile duce
41
Fasciola vs Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchis sinensis does not invade liver tissue or lays liver necrosis. Can lead to adenocarcinoma (cancer of bile ducts)
42
Clonorchis sinensis Treatment
Praziquantel or Albendazole
43
Clonorchis sinensis Control/Prevention
Treatment of feces before using as fertilizer, cooking fish
44
Opisthorchis infect
Bile ducts of fish-eating mammals
45
Opisthorchis vs Clonorchis
O. are smaller, testis shape is different
46
Opisthorchis disease
Opisthorchiasis
47
Opisthorchiasis Symtoms
Diarrhea and Liver Englargments
48
Opisthorchis Diagnosis/Treatment
Similar to Clonorchis
49
Clonorchis disease
Clonorchiasis
50
Clonorchis ID
Eggs in feces, ERCP, Imaging
51
Opisthorchis 2 species
O. felineus( prominent in Europe, Viet, India, Japan, Caribbean). O. viverrini (Smaller and in Thailand Laos Southeast Asia)
52
Fasciolopsis buski
similar to
Fasciola hepatica
53
Fasciolopsis buski
vs Fasciola hepatica
Fb.
- Lack caeca branches
- Larger Ventral sucker than Oral
- No Cephalic Cone
- Reside in small intestine not liver
54
Fasciolopsis buski eggs pass
Through feces unembryonated
55
Fasciolopsis buski miracidium
Penetrate snail, transform into Sporocysts and give rise to Redia
56
Fasciolopsis buski cercaria
Emerge from redials and reenter water to encyst as Metacercaria on plants
57
Fasciolopsis buski human cause
Humans eats Metacercaria on contaminated plans
58
Fasciolopsis buski Metacercaria
Except in Small intestine and reach sex m. in a month
59
Snails infected by Clonorchis
Snails ingest eggs
60
Fasciolopsis buski live for
6 months
61
Fasciolopsis buski reservoir hosts
pigs, dogs, rabbits
62
Fasciolopsis buski typical symptoms
Mostly asymptotic. Many worms cause nausea, diarrhea, and severe intestinal pains
63
Fasciolopsis buski damage
Damage Mucosa via Inflammation, Ulceration, and abscesses at sit of large ventral sucker attachment
64
Fasciolopsis buski ID
Eggs in feces. Occasionally whole worms vomited or passed in feces
65
Fasciolopsis buski Treatment
Praziquantel
66
Fasciolopsis buski Prevention
Wash and peel water veggies. Boil to kill Metacercaria. Humans feces treat (fertilizer). Pig feces away from ponds. Pigs do not feed on freshwater plans
67
Echinostoma revolutum recognized by
Circumoral Collar of Peg-Like Spines
68
Echinostoma revolutum distribution
Most common and abundant of trematodes
69
Echinostoma revolutum distribution cause
Little host specificity and appear in bird or mammal that eat Metacercaria
70
Circumoral collar
Echinostoma revolutum around ventral sucker, has 37 spines in a double circle
71
Echinostoma revolutum reproductive structure
Ovary anterior to testes. Ovary ends at genital pore with is Preacetabular
72
Echinostoma revolutum type of eggs
Non-embryonated. Operculate eggs, few in uterus
73
Echinostoma revolutum snail generations
1 sporocyst and 2 radial gens
74
Echinostoma revolutum cercarie
Enter water. Penetrate/encyst in Mollusks, fish, tadpoles
75
Echinostoma revolutum definitive host
Any definitive host is infected from eating Metacercaria infected mussels/snails
76
Echinostoma revolutum metcercaria
Except in small intestine where they become adults
77
Echinostoma revolutum most common species location
USA
78
Echinostoma revolutum infection caused by
Eating second intermediate host uncooked
79
Echinostoma revolutum damage
Intestinal mucosa little damage
80
Echinostomiasis
Echinostoma revolutum disease
81
Echinostomiasis symptoms
inflammation, diarrhea, ab pain, anemia
82
Echinostoma revolutum ID
Eggs in feces, dark brown uncleaved/developing zygotes
83
Echinostoma revolutum Treatment
Praziquantel
84
Echinostoma revolutum Control/Prevention
Cannot be controlled due to large # of 1/2 in hosts. Prevented by cooking
85
Heterophyes heterophyes are similar to
Metagonimus yokagawai
86
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Size
Smallest trematode
87
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Tegument
Scale like spines
88
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Suckers
feeble
89
Metagonimus yokagawai
| fuse
ventral sucker and gonotyl
90
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
egs
Match Clonorchis but tiny Opercular Shoulders
91
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Adults live
Small intestine burrowed between villi
92
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
miracida hatch when
When consumed by snail
93
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
life cycles
Same as C. sinensis except
- Hh prefer mullet
- My prefer salmon
94
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
can also infect other than humans
Fish eating mammals and birds
95
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
infection caused by
Human eating raw/undercooked fish
96
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Metacercaria go where
Except in duodenum
97
Heterophyes heterophyes Location
Asia, Egypt hawaii
98
Metagonimus yokagawai Location
Far East, Spain, Balkans
99
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
eggs become available how
Pollution must occur. Boatman fishers and near living water people are often reservoirs
100
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
zoonosis
Infected fish often in markets. Fish eating meals serve as reservoir hosts
101
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Symptoms
- Light: Symptomless
| - Heavy: Diarrhea/ab pain
102
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
eggs potential
Eggs enter blood steam to go other sites like heart/brain/spinal cord. Heart attacks and neurological problems result
103
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
ID
Difficult when adult worms are not available. Look for eggs
104
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
pass through
feces as embryonated eggs
105
Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai
Treatment
Praziquantel
106
Paragonimus westermani Other Name
Oriental Lunk Fluke
107
Paragonimus westermani Other Name
Oriental Lunk Fluke
108
Paragonimus westermani Found where
Lungs, brain, and viscera
109
Paragonimus westermani tegument is covered by
Spines
110
Paragonimus westermani sucker sizes
Oral and Ventral are similar
111
Paragonimus westermani Reproductive system
2 irregular lobed tests. Obed ovary connected via oviduct to uterus
112
Paragonimus westermani ventral sucker located
Medially between ovary and uterus
113
Paragonimus westermani Egg characteristics
Ovoid with FLAT Operculum, resemble F. hepatica
114
Paragonimus westermani Adults reside where
Lungs in layers of connective tissue
115
Paragonimus westermani Cross fertilization
Yes
116
Paragonimus westermani Eggs contain
Zygotes
117
Paragonimus westermani eggs pass
Coughed up and expelled with sputum. Some can be swallowed with sputum passing through digestive system to expel with feces
118
Bronchial Abscesses
Paragonimus westermani eggs trapped in long tissue
119
Paragonimus westermani eggs go where
Water. Mircadium enter snail within 24hr
120
Paragonimus westermani
| generations
In snail sporocyst and 2 redial gen produced in digestive gland. Develop into Cercaria
121
Paragonimus westermani cercaria have
Spine/knoblike tail that is useless for swimming
122
Paragonimus westermani cercaria travel how
Crawl over rocks to find crustaceans
123
Paragonimus westermani cercaria penetrate how
Sharp Cuticular Stylet penetrate crustacean's exoskeleton and encyst in muscle/gills/visecera into Metacercaria
124
Paragonimus westermani infects humans how
Humans eat infected undercooked crustaceans
125
Paragonimus westermani Metacercaria go where
Except in Duodenum, enter coelom. penetrate diaphragm/pleura, enter bronchioles to reach sex m
126
Paragonimus westermani wandering juveniles
Become lodged in other organs like brain/skin
127
Ectopic Lesions
Paragonimus westermani wandering juveniles lodged in other organs cause this
128
Paragonimus westermani disease
Paragonimiasis. Mostly in Oriental Countries
129
Paragonimus westermani Infection method
Direct consumption of infected crustaceans
130
Paragonimus westermani cause symptoms
In lungs provoke inflammatory rx. Dry cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, blood/brownish steaks in sputum, coughing up blood (Hemoptysis).
131
Paragonimus westermani disease mixed up with
Pulmonary disorders like Pneumonia/Tuberculosis
132
Paragonimus westermani Abdominal infection causes
Pain, diarrhea, bleeding
133
Paragonimus westermani brain infection causes
Epilepsy, cerebral tumor, paralysis. Fatal cases are common
134
Paragonimus westermani ID
Eggs in rust-colored sputum
135
Paragonimus westermani Treatment
Praziquantel. Cerebral cases may require surgery
136
Paragonimus westermani Prevention
Cooking kills cysts. Care for cysts on hands, knives, chopping boards
137
Paragonimus westermani Control
Monitor crustacean population
