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Parasitology Exam 3 > Visceral Flukes > Flashcards

Visceral Flukes Flashcards

1
Q

Fasciola is common in? And sometimes found in

A

Sheep. Humans

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2
Q

Fasciola reside in

A

Gall Bladder and bile ducts in the Liver

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3
Q

Cephalic Cone

A

Cone shaped projection on Fasciola anterior end

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4
Q

Where is the oral sucker located on Fasciola

A

End of cephalic cone

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5
Q

Fasciola oral vs ventral sucker sizes

A

Almost equal

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6
Q

Fasciola shape of testes and caecum

A

Branched

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7
Q

Location of Fasciola Uterus

A

Anteriorly

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8
Q

Fasciola eggs pass through

A

Out liver into intestine, expelled through feces

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9
Q

Fasciola Embryonated or Unembryonated

A

Unembryonated

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10
Q

Unembryonated Eggs Miracidium hatches where

A

In water

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11
Q

Fasciola Eggs development into miracidiun

A

Eggs in water hatch in 9-10 days

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12
Q

Fasciola have 24hrs to

A

Find a snail host or die

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13
Q

Fasciola miracidium upon penetrating snails

A

Metamorphoses into Sporocyst giving rise to Mother Rediae, which can give rise to Daughter Rediae

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14
Q

Fasciola Redia Brood Chambers

A

Germ balls develop into cercaria

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15
Q

Fasciola infected snails morphology

A

Stunted and shell distortion

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16
Q

Fasciola cercaria emerge from snail time

A

5-7 weeks after infection

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17
Q

Fasciola infected snails in dried water

A

Snail burrow into mud, survive infected for months. Water comes and snails emerge and shed many cercaria rapidly with simple tail twice its body length

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18
Q

Fasciola cercaria look for

A

Aquatic objects, plants

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19
Q

Fasciola cercaria on plants

A

Encyst into metacercaria which sheep/cattle eat

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20
Q

Humans become infected by Fasciola how

A

Humans eat Metacercaria infected plants

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21
Q

Fasciola juveniles path

A

Excuse in duodenum, penetrate intestinal wall, travel to liver

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22
Q

Fasciola juvenile sexual maturity

A

12 weeks in liver where they feed and reach sex m.

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23
Q

Fascioliasis

A

Fasciola disease caused by worms migration and presence in bile ducts

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24
Q

Fasciola damage from migration

A

Larvae migration to bile ducts cause damage and Eosinophilic Inflammation to Hepatic Parenchyma

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25
Q

Fasciola damage residing

A

In bile ducts cause Hyperplasia of Biliary Epithelium and hardening of biliary wall ducts

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26
Q

Acute Fascioliasis cause

A

Seen in sheep only. ingestion of more than 10k metacercariae at once

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27
Q

Large number of migrating Fasciola results in

A

Traumatic Hepatitis, leading to death

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28
Q

Fascioliasis in humans

A

Head/backache, nausea, coughing, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain

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29
Q

Adult Fasciola cause

A

Block bile ducts causing Obstructive Jaundice

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30
Q

Life span of Adult Fasciola in humans

A

5-10years

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31
Q

ID of Fasciola

A

Eggs in feces

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32
Q

Fasciola Treatment

A

Oral Bithionol and Praziquantel for 2 weeks

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33
Q

Fasciola Animals infections affect the world by

A

Economic losses in production of wool, milk, and meat

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34
Q

Fasciola Control/Prevention

A

Sheep/cattle feces should not be allowed aquatic regions. Snail pops monitored

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35
Q

Clonorchis sinensis types of eggs

A

Embryonated

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36
Q

Clonorchis sinensis strength of suckers

A

Weakly developed

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37
Q

Clonorchis sinensis Male Reproductive system

A

2 Testes and Seminal Vesicle leading to Genital Pore

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38
Q

Clonorchis sinensis Female Reproductive system

A

Small Ovary. Vitellaria, Gravid Uterus extending From ovary to Genital Pore

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39
Q

Clonorchis sinensis live where

A

Bile ducts

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40
Q

Clonorchis sinensis excyst where

A

Duodenum and migrate to common bile duce

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41
Q

Fasciola vs Clonorchis sinensis

A

Clonorchis sinensis does not invade liver tissue or lays liver necrosis. Can lead to adenocarcinoma (cancer of bile ducts)

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42
Q

Clonorchis sinensis Treatment

A

Praziquantel or Albendazole

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43
Q

Clonorchis sinensis Control/Prevention

A

Treatment of feces before using as fertilizer, cooking fish

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44
Q

Opisthorchis infect

A

Bile ducts of fish-eating mammals

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45
Q

Opisthorchis vs Clonorchis

A

O. are smaller, testis shape is different

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46
Q

Opisthorchis disease

A

Opisthorchiasis

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47
Q

Opisthorchiasis Symtoms

A

Diarrhea and Liver Englargments

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48
Q

Opisthorchis Diagnosis/Treatment

A

Similar to Clonorchis

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49
Q

Clonorchis disease

A

Clonorchiasis

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50
Q

Clonorchis ID

A

Eggs in feces, ERCP, Imaging

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51
Q

Opisthorchis 2 species

A

O. felineus( prominent in Europe, Viet, India, Japan, Caribbean). O. viverrini (Smaller and in Thailand Laos Southeast Asia)

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52
Q

Fasciolopsis buski
 similar to

A

Fasciola hepatica

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53
Q

Fasciolopsis buski
 vs Fasciola hepatica

A

Fb.

  • Lack caeca branches
  • Larger Ventral sucker than Oral
  • No Cephalic Cone
  • Reside in small intestine not liver
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54
Q

Fasciolopsis buski eggs pass

A

Through feces unembryonated

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55
Q

Fasciolopsis buski miracidium

A

Penetrate snail, transform into Sporocysts and give rise to Redia

56
Q

Fasciolopsis buski cercaria

A

Emerge from redials and reenter water to encyst as Metacercaria on plants

57
Q

Fasciolopsis buski human cause

A

Humans eats Metacercaria on contaminated plans

58
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Metacercaria

A

Except in Small intestine and reach sex m. in a month

59
Q

Snails infected by Clonorchis

A

Snails ingest eggs

60
Q

Fasciolopsis buski live for

A

6 months

61
Q

Fasciolopsis buski reservoir hosts

A

pigs, dogs, rabbits

62
Q

Fasciolopsis buski typical symptoms

A

Mostly asymptotic. Many worms cause nausea, diarrhea, and severe intestinal pains

63
Q

Fasciolopsis buski damage

A

Damage Mucosa via Inflammation, Ulceration, and abscesses at sit of large ventral sucker attachment

64
Q

Fasciolopsis buski ID

A

Eggs in feces. Occasionally whole worms vomited or passed in feces

65
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Treatment

A

Praziquantel

66
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Prevention

A

Wash and peel water veggies. Boil to kill Metacercaria. Humans feces treat (fertilizer). Pig feces away from ponds. Pigs do not feed on freshwater plans

67
Q

Echinostoma revolutum recognized by

A

Circumoral Collar of Peg-Like Spines

68
Q

Echinostoma revolutum distribution

A

Most common and abundant of trematodes

69
Q

Echinostoma revolutum distribution cause

A

Little host specificity and appear in bird or mammal that eat Metacercaria

70
Q

Circumoral collar

A

Echinostoma revolutum around ventral sucker, has 37 spines in a double circle

71
Q

Echinostoma revolutum reproductive structure

A

Ovary anterior to testes. Ovary ends at genital pore with is Preacetabular

72
Q

Echinostoma revolutum type of eggs

A

Non-embryonated. Operculate eggs, few in uterus

73
Q

Echinostoma revolutum snail generations

A

1 sporocyst and 2 radial gens

74
Q

Echinostoma revolutum cercarie

A

Enter water. Penetrate/encyst in Mollusks, fish, tadpoles

75
Q

Echinostoma revolutum definitive host

A

Any definitive host is infected from eating Metacercaria infected mussels/snails

76
Q

Echinostoma revolutum metcercaria

A

Except in small intestine where they become adults

77
Q

Echinostoma revolutum most common species location

A

USA

78
Q

Echinostoma revolutum infection caused by

A

Eating second intermediate host uncooked

79
Q

Echinostoma revolutum damage

A

Intestinal mucosa little damage

80
Q

Echinostomiasis

A

Echinostoma revolutum disease

81
Q

Echinostomiasis symptoms

A

inflammation, diarrhea, ab pain, anemia

82
Q

Echinostoma revolutum ID

A

Eggs in feces, dark brown uncleaved/developing zygotes

83
Q

Echinostoma revolutum Treatment

A

Praziquantel

84
Q

Echinostoma revolutum Control/Prevention

A

Cannot be controlled due to large # of 1/2 in hosts. Prevented by cooking

85
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes are similar to

A

Metagonimus yokagawai

86
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Size

A

Smallest trematode

87
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Tegument

A

Scale like spines

88
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Suckers

A

feeble

89
Q

Metagonimus yokagawai

fuse

A

ventral sucker and gonotyl

90
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

egs

A

Match Clonorchis but tiny Opercular Shoulders

91
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Adults live

A

Small intestine burrowed between villi

92
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

miracida hatch when

A

When consumed by snail

93
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

life cycles

A

Same as C. sinensis except

  • Hh prefer mullet
  • My prefer salmon
94
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

can also infect other than humans

A

Fish eating mammals and birds

95
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

infection caused by

A

Human eating raw/undercooked fish

96
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Metacercaria go where

A

Except in duodenum

97
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes Location

A

Asia, Egypt hawaii

98
Q

Metagonimus yokagawai Location

A

Far East, Spain, Balkans

99
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

eggs become available how

A

Pollution must occur. Boatman fishers and near living water people are often reservoirs

100
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

zoonosis

A

Infected fish often in markets. Fish eating meals serve as reservoir hosts

101
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Symptoms

A
  • Light: Symptomless

- Heavy: Diarrhea/ab pain

102
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

eggs potential

A

Eggs enter blood steam to go other sites like heart/brain/spinal cord. Heart attacks and neurological problems result

103
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

ID

A

Difficult when adult worms are not available. Look for eggs

104
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

pass through

A

feces as embryonated eggs

105
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokagawai

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

106
Q

Paragonimus westermani Other Name

A

Oriental Lunk Fluke

107
Q

Paragonimus westermani Other Name

A

Oriental Lunk Fluke

108
Q

Paragonimus westermani Found where

A

Lungs, brain, and viscera

109
Q

Paragonimus westermani tegument is covered by

A

Spines

110
Q

Paragonimus westermani sucker sizes

A

Oral and Ventral are similar

111
Q

Paragonimus westermani Reproductive system

A

2 irregular lobed tests. Obed ovary connected via oviduct to uterus

112
Q

Paragonimus westermani ventral sucker located

A

Medially between ovary and uterus

113
Q

Paragonimus westermani Egg characteristics

A

Ovoid with FLAT Operculum, resemble F. hepatica

114
Q

Paragonimus westermani Adults reside where

A

Lungs in layers of connective tissue

115
Q

Paragonimus westermani Cross fertilization

A

Yes

116
Q

Paragonimus westermani Eggs contain

A

Zygotes

117
Q

Paragonimus westermani eggs pass

A

Coughed up and expelled with sputum. Some can be swallowed with sputum passing through digestive system to expel with feces

118
Q

Bronchial Abscesses

A

Paragonimus westermani eggs trapped in long tissue

119
Q

Paragonimus westermani eggs go where

A

Water. Mircadium enter snail within 24hr

120
Q

Paragonimus westermani

generations

A

In snail sporocyst and 2 redial gen produced in digestive gland. Develop into Cercaria

121
Q

Paragonimus westermani cercaria have

A

Spine/knoblike tail that is useless for swimming

122
Q

Paragonimus westermani cercaria travel how

A

Crawl over rocks to find crustaceans

123
Q

Paragonimus westermani cercaria penetrate how

A

Sharp Cuticular Stylet penetrate crustacean’s exoskeleton and encyst in muscle/gills/visecera into Metacercaria

124
Q

Paragonimus westermani infects humans how

A

Humans eat infected undercooked crustaceans

125
Q

Paragonimus westermani Metacercaria go where

A

Except in Duodenum, enter coelom. penetrate diaphragm/pleura, enter bronchioles to reach sex m

126
Q

Paragonimus westermani wandering juveniles

A

Become lodged in other organs like brain/skin

127
Q

Ectopic Lesions

A

Paragonimus westermani wandering juveniles lodged in other organs cause this

128
Q

Paragonimus westermani disease

A

Paragonimiasis. Mostly in Oriental Countries

129
Q

Paragonimus westermani Infection method

A

Direct consumption of infected crustaceans

130
Q

Paragonimus westermani cause symptoms

A

In lungs provoke inflammatory rx. Dry cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, blood/brownish steaks in sputum, coughing up blood (Hemoptysis).

131
Q

Paragonimus westermani disease mixed up with

A

Pulmonary disorders like Pneumonia/Tuberculosis

132
Q

Paragonimus westermani Abdominal infection causes

A

Pain, diarrhea, bleeding

133
Q

Paragonimus westermani brain infection causes

A

Epilepsy, cerebral tumor, paralysis. Fatal cases are common

134
Q

Paragonimus westermani ID

A

Eggs in rust-colored sputum

135
Q

Paragonimus westermani Treatment

A

Praziquantel. Cerebral cases may require surgery

136
Q

Paragonimus westermani Prevention

A

Cooking kills cysts. Care for cysts on hands, knives, chopping boards

137
Q

Paragonimus westermani Control

A

Monitor crustacean population

Parasitology Exam 3 (3 decks)

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