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Parasitology Exam 3 > Blood Flukes > Flashcards

Blood Flukes Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Flukes Other Name

A

Schistosomes

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2
Q

Schistosoma Major Species

A
  • S. haematobium
  • S. mansoni
  • S. japonicum
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3
Q

Ways Schistosomes differ from other Trematodes

A
  • Dioecious
  • Males have specialized canal
  • Life cycle
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4
Q

Schistosoma Male vs Female

A

Male:

  • Shorter/Stouter
  • Gynecophoric Canal
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5
Q

Gynecophoric Canal

A

Schistosome Male canal where female reside/copulate

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6
Q

Schistosoma are missing

A

Pharynx

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7
Q

Schistosoma have a prominent

A

Esophogus have prominent Esophageal glands

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8
Q

Schistosoma paired what

A

Intestinal Ceca Fusec

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9
Q

Schistosoma Male Reproductive Characteristics

A
  • 5-9 testes (depending on species)
  • Gneital opens posterior to Ventral Sucker
  • Cirrus Absent
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10
Q

Schistosoma Adults live where and do what

A

In veins, draining certain host abdomen organs

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11
Q

Schistosoma haematobium live where

A

Urinary Bladder Veins

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12
Q

Schistosoma mansoni live where

A

Large Intestine Veins

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13
Q

Schistosoma japonicum live where

A

Small Intestine Veins

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14
Q

Schistosoma Females reside where

A

Gynecophorcic Canal to Copulate

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15
Q

Gynecophorcic Canal does what

A

Transfers Nutrients/Hormones from male to female, vice versa

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16
Q

Schistosoma Males/Females migrate where to lay eggs

A

Smaller Venules

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17
Q

Schistosoma Miracidium

A
  • Poor Development

- Develop in Freshly Hatched Egg but well formed before reaching Lumen of infected Organ

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18
Q

Schistosoma Eggs movement in Definitive Host

A
  • Eggs penetrate Vein Wall
  • Enter Lumen of Gut or Bladder
  • Escape through urine or feces
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19
Q

Schistosoma amount of eggs that “make it”

A
  • 1/3 reach exterior
  • Remaining are trapped in Urinary Bladder or Intestinal Walls or swept back by blood flow to become lodged in Liver/Spleen/etc
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20
Q

S. mansoni Eggs pass through

A

Feces

-Large, lateral Spine

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21
Q

S. haematobium Eggs pass through

A

Urine

-Prominent Terminal Spine

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22
Q

S. japonicum pass through

A

Feces

  • Vestigal, nubby Lateral Spine
  • More Rounded than other 2
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23
Q

Eggs lack

A

Operculum

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24
Q

Eggs type

A

Embryontaed (contains mature miracidium)

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25
Eggs hatch
In freshwater
26
Miracidium Life span
2-5hr - Enter snail host - Transforms into Sporcysts
27
Sporocysts produce
2nd generation Sporocyst only
28
Migratory Sporocyst
(2nd gen) | Move to digestive glands or gonads to produce another Sporocyst generation or Cercaria
29
Cercaria leave Sporocyst
Through Sporocyst birth pore and exit Snail Tissue
30
Escape Glands
- Located in cephalic region of Cercaria | - Aided leaving Cercaria by secretions
31
Cercaria tails
Forked tails move in figure 8 for 1-3 days
32
2nd Intermediate host
Absent
33
Cercaria infect how
- Contact with Mammalian Skin, attracted to skin secretions | - Secretions from Penetration Gland help penetrate Skin
34
What happens to Cercaria Tail
Cast off after Penetration
35
Cercaria size after Penetration
Worms become smaller as glands empty secretions
36
Within 24hr of Skin Penetration what happens
- Now called Schistosomula | - Enter Peripheral Circulation and swept to Right Side of Heart
37
Schistosomula go where
- Appear in Pulmonary Capillaries by Day 3 since Penetration - After 1wk to 10days move through Pulmonary Vein to Right side of Heart - Into Systemic Circulation
38
Schistosomula feed on
Red Blood Cells
39
Schistosomula reach where for Sexual Maturity
Hepatic Portal Veins | -Week 3
40
Worms migrate from Hepatic Portal Veins to
Preferred sitesin body
41
Egg production begins time frame
4-8 weeks after infection
42
Adults lifespan
2-5 years, some up to 25-30 years
43
What happens to Unpaired Females
- Do not become Sexual Mature - Appearance of Starvng - Produce little Digestive Enzymes - Ingest 1/4 of RBCs compared to paired Females
44
Schistosome infection rate
5% of world's population
45
Schistosome disease
Schistosomiasis
46
Schistosomiasis effects
- Most common cause of bladder calcification | - Serious in Urinary Tract as increase of Bladder Cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)
47
Urolithiasis
Stones inside Ureter
48
Additional complications of Schistosome
- Ascending Urinary Tract Infection | - Urethral/Ureteral Stricture with subsequentRenal Failure
49
Schistosomiasis ratio
Men:women 9:1
50
Schistosomiasis age mostly
Younger than 30 years
51
Schistosomiasis in children
Worse. Develop anemia, learning difficulties, malnutrition
52
Main cause of Schistosomiasis
Human waste in water containing snail hosts
53
Survival of Schistosome depends on
Human's polluting water fecal wants
54
Preventing Schistosoma
Adequate Sewage Treatment. Lacking in Poor Countries
55
Schistosoma vulnerable groups
- Farmers in irrigation water - Fisherman in laks/steams - Children in contaminated water bodies - Women washing clothes in streams
56
S. mansoni prevalent where
- Africa, South America, Caribbean, parts of Middle east | - Reservoir hosts not important
57
S. haematobium prevalent where
- Africa, parts of Arabia, Mid East | - Reservoir hosts not important
58
S. japonicum prevalent where
- Far East, No longer in Japan | - Control is tough because many reservoir hosts exist
59
Swimmer's Itch Real Name
Cercarial dermatitis
60
Swimmer's caused by
- Cercariae of nonhuman blood flukes (birds) attack humans causing dermatitis - Do not enter blood stream - Destroyed by Human's Immune System - Materials produced by dead/dying Cercaria cause localized Inflammatory Rx
61
Swimmer's itch characterized by
- Intense itching - Local Edema - Symptoms usually disappear after a few days
62
Schistosomiasis symptoms
Fatigue - headache - stiff neck - lethargic - neurologic symptoms due to CNS complications
63
Schistosomiasis phases
1. Initial 2. Intermediate 3. Final
64
Initial Phase begins how
- 4-10wk after infection | - During Migration from lints to liver to hepatic portal system
65
Initial Phase Symptoms
- Fever, allergies (skin rashes), ab pain, bronchitis, liver/spleen enlargement, diarrhea - Most serious damage caused by eggs
66
Intermediate Phase time
Longer. lasting 2months to multiple years after infection
67
Intermediate Phase Bloody Stools
Result from intestine infection from S. japonicum S. mansoni
68
Intermediate Phase Hematuria
- Blood in urine | - Due to S. haematobium eggs passage via Urinary Bladder
69
Intermediate Phase Other symptoms Urinary
Frequent Urination and Dysuria (painful urination)
70
Final Phase Characterizations
Most Serious | -Severae Intestinal, renal, and hepatic pathology caused by rx of host to eggs
71
Final Phase Eggs lodging causes
- In venuoles act as foreign bodies | - Cause Inflammatory ex, even cirrhosis/anemia
72
Granuloma/Pseudotubercles
- Final phase | - Eggs become fibrous nodules
73
Final Phase additional effects
Small abscesses leading to necrosis and ulceration
74
Hepatosplenomelagy
- Final Phase | - Marked enlargement of liver/spleen
75
Repeated infection of S. haematobium leads
Bladder cancer
76
Urogential Schistosomiasis caused by
S. haematobium
77
Urogential Schistosomiasis concern where
Africa and Mid East
78
Urogential Schistosomiasis in Women
- Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) - Lesions of cervix/vagina - Nodules in vulva - Vaginal Bleeding, - Pain during sex
79
Link for HIV acquisition in women
FGS
80
Genital Schistosomiasis in men
``` Pathology: -Seminal Vesicles -Prostate Other Organs -Can cause infertility ```
81
Bladder and uterus fibrosis
Common in advance cases of Urogenital Schistosomiasis
82
Hydronephrosis
- Swelling of Kidneys from urine backup | - Common in advance cases of Urogenital Schistosomiasis
83
Most grave species
S. japonicum. | Produces up to 3k eggs a day
84
S. japonicum is true what
Zoonosis
85
S. japonicum chronic disease can lead to (issues)
- Fever - Liver firbrosis - Liver Cirrhosis - Liver Portal Hypertension - Splenomegaly - Ascites
86
S. japonicum eggs can enter
Lungs, brain, spinal cord, other organs
87
S. japonicum eggs enter other organs causes
Paralysis, coma death
88
ID
Feces | Urine for S. haematobium, accompanied hematuria
89
Treatment
Praziquantel
90
They protect themselves how
Antigens on surface disguise worm's surface from immune system
91
Tourist Prevention
In endemic regions avoid water bodies contact
92
Indigenous Populations Control
-Preventing water contact -Mass chemo Snail destruction -Biological Agents -Habitats Alteration -Sanitary Feces/ruine disposal

Parasitology Exam 3 (3 decks)

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