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Parasitology Exam 3 > Cestoda Intro > Flashcards

Cestoda Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between Trematoda and Cestoda

A

Cestoda:

  • Have a flat tap-like body
  • Made of up of hermarphroditic segments called proglottids (whole chain called strobila)
  • Lack mouth and digestive tract
  • Endoparasitic in vertebrat’s gut
  • Larvae infect both vertebrates and invertebrates
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2
Q

Scolex position

A

Anterior end of tapeworm’s head

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3
Q

Scolex contains

A

Hooks and Sucker (spines, glands, muscles to help maintain position in gut)

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4
Q

Scolex most important feature

A

Sucker: Facilitates attachment

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5
Q

Two types of scolex

A
  • Acetabulate

- Bothraite

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6
Q

Acetabulate Description

A
  • 4 Muscular Suction Cups, spaced equally
  • Cup Shaped, circular
  • Heavy Muscular Wall
  • Some have Rostellum
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7
Q

What is Rostellum

A

Some tapeworms have knob-like projection to anchor intestinal wall

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8
Q

Rostellum species example

A

Taenia solium

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9
Q

Rostellum Other name

A

Armed Scolex

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10
Q

Example of Acetabulate without Rostellum

A

(Unarmed Scolex)

Taenia saginata

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11
Q

Importance of presence, #, size shape of hooks

A

Taxonomy

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12
Q

What is bothraite

A

-Presence of 2 (Rarely 4/6) shallow grooves with suction powers called Bothria

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13
Q

Bothria

A

Present in Bothraie

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14
Q

Where is the neck

A

Below Scolex

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15
Q

Importance of neck

A

Zone of Proliferation

-Contains Stem Cells

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16
Q

Neck Function

A

Give rise to new Proglottids

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17
Q

Multiple Proglottids Name

A

True Tapeworms

-Polyzoic

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18
Q

Single set of Reproductive organs Tapeworm Name

A

Monozoic

-rare

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19
Q

Praziquantel damages

A

Tegument of the Neck

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20
Q

Strobilization

A

Asexual formation of strobila

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21
Q

Strobila

A

Chain of Proglottids

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22
Q

Strobila Region Groups

A
  • Immature
  • Mature
  • Gravid Proglottids
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23
Q

Locations of Strobila groups

A

Immature towards anterior by neck. Mature posterior. More posterior ones are more reproductively developed, contains eggs

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24
Q

Are organs in immature strobila

A

Visible but nonfunctional

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25
Q

Gravid Proglottids are filled with

A

Eggs or Shelled embryos

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26
Q

Proglottids Release Mechanism Names

A
  • Apolytic

- Anapolytic

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27
Q

Apolytic

A

Gravid proglottid detach and pass out while CONTAINING EGGS through Feces

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28
Q

Anapolytic

A

Shelled Eggs are released via Uterine Pore INSIDE HOST INTESTINES. Empty proglottids, along free eggs pass via feces
-Eggs must reach water for further development

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29
Q

Apolytic Species Example

A

Taenia solium

Taenia saginata

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30
Q

Anapolytic Species Example

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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31
Q

Cestode lack

A

Digestive tract so must absorb required substances through external covering

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32
Q

Importance of tegument

A

absorb required substances

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33
Q

Microtriches

A

Minute projections covering Tegument. Vary species and location on strobila

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34
Q

Microthrix

A

Single Microtriches

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35
Q

Microthrix have what

A

Apical tip

-Porvides resistance to parasite of intestine

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36
Q

Microthrix benefit of apical tips

A

Agitate intestinal walls, increasing nutrients accessibility

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37
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Layer covering entire Tegument Surface

38
Q

Glycocalyx benefit

A

Protext from from host’s digestive enzymes and enhance nutrient absorption

39
Q

Tegument importance of nuclei

A

Like nuclei are Syncytial and have distal/proximal

40
Q

Distal cytoplasm contains

A

Mitochondria, electron dense bodies

41
Q

Proximal region contain

A

Major cell organelle, multiple nuclei

42
Q

Cyton

A

Suck deep in parenchyma

-Site for Protein Synthesis

43
Q

Cyton production

A

Transcoalted to distal cytoplasm to maintain glycocalyc and microthrices

44
Q

Tegumental Musculature

A
  • 2 Layers of musculature between distal/proximal
  • Outer: Circular
  • Inner: Longitudianl
45
Q

Parenchyma cells importance

A

Glycogen Production

46
Q

Excretion occurs how

A

Like in other flatworms, FLAME CELLS

47
Q

Monoecious or dioecious

A

Both

48
Q

Reproductive system differs from Trematode how

A
  • Uterus meets with a dead
  • Separate Vaginal Canal
  • Self Fertilization (proglottid can copulate with itself)
49
Q

Male sperm path

A 
Testis
Vas Efferens
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicle
Cirrus
(Some species have cures spines to hold genital pore in place)
50
Q

Female reproductive path

A

Ovary
Oviduct
Ootype
Seminal Receptacle

51
Q

Ootype Description

A
  • Mehlis’ gland

- Vitelline Duct enters Oviduct

52
Q

Vitelline duct

A

Vitelline glands clumped like trematodes

53
Q

Vitelline glands

A

Help in egg shell and yolk formation

54
Q

Vagina

A

Organ joins oviduct to carry sperm from Genital Atrium to Oviduct for fertilization

55
Q

Seminal Receptacle

A

Sperm stored here in Vagina portion

56
Q

Shelled eggs pass through

A

From Oviduct through Uterus out Uterine Pore

57
Q

Taenia Uterus

A

Blind sac in which developing eggs accumulate. Swollen with eggs

58
Q

how copulation occurs

A

Cirrus of one proglottid inserted into another proglottid vagina of the same or different worm and sperm ejacultes

59
Q

Sperm travels to

A

Seminal Receptacle to be stored

60
Q

Hypodermic Impregnation

A
  • Some Species

- Cirrus forced through body wall, especially in those that lack vagina

61
Q

Cross fertilization importance

A

Desired to ensure vitality and prevent heavy inbreeding

62
Q

Unlike trematode eggs, restore eggs

A

Most lack Operculum

63
Q

Eggs hatch to what

A

Embryo called Oncosphere (Hooked)

64
Q

Oncosphere

A
  • 6 hooks encased in Inner Envelope that is encased by another membrane, Embryophore
  • Outer envelope
65
Q

Inner envelope

A

encased by another membrane, Embryophore

66
Q

Outer envelope

A

lies between embryophore and other outermost covering Shell/Capsule

67
Q

Types of Tapeworm Eggs

A
  1. Pseudophyllidean
  2. Dipylidean
  3. Taenioid
68
Q

Pseudophyllidean Egg

A
  • Similar to Trematode
  • Thick shell,
  • Operculum
  • Ciliated Embryophore
  • Numerous Vitelline Cells (Provide Nourishment)
  • Coracidium
69
Q

Dipylidean Egg

A
  • thin shell
  • Nonciliated Emryophore
  • Think Outer Envelope
  • Few Vitelline Cells
70
Q

Taenioid Eggs

A
  • No shell
  • Thick Nociliated Embryophore
  • No Outer Envelope
71
Q

Pseudophyllidean Eggs Species Example

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

72
Q

Dipylidium Egg Species Example

A

Dipylidium

73
Q

Taenioid Eggs Species Example

A

Taenia

Echinococcus

74
Q

Coracidium

A
  • Phase in Pseudophyllidean
  • Zygote develops into Oncosphere
  • Covered by Ciliated Embryophore
  • Helps in Swimming after Hatching
75
Q

Fundamental Life Cycle Types

A

Order Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea

76
Q

Pseudophyllidea Pattern Beginning

A
  • Eggs contain CORACIDIA
  • Eggs leaves Host feces to meet water
  • Larvae escape through Operculum
  • Swim with Ciliated Embryophore
77
Q

Pseudophyllidea Pattern 1st intermediate host part

A
  • 1st intermediate host:Aquatic Arthropod
  • Get in Hemocoel and lose ciliary
  • Transform into PROCERCOID
  • Oncosphere hooks are retained in CERCOMER(tail-like structure)
78
Q

Pseudophyllidea Pattern 2nd intermediate host part

A
  • 2nd intermediate host: fish (Fish ingests arthropod)
  • Procercoid Migrates around body transforming into PLERCERCOID (shows initial scolex/strobila)
  • Human eat infected fish
  • Attaches to small intestine wall
  • Strobilization begins
79
Q

Infective stage of Pseudophyllidea Pattern

A

Plerocercoid

80
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern restricted to

A

Terrestrial Host only

81
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern lack

A

Ciliated Embryophore and Operculum

82
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern have dissimilar

A

Larval stages. 3 common

83
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern 1

A
  • Eggs are inactive till eaten by intermediate invertebrate host
  • Eggs hatch in insect’s gut
  • Release Oncosphere
  • Enter Hemocoel using 6 hooks
  • Become CYSTICERCOID
84
Q

Cysticercoid

A
  • Cyclophyllidean Pattern 1
  • Immature adult with fully developed scolex, surrounded by cystic layers
  • Cystic Layers dissolve in gut freeing scolex/neck
  • Strobilization begins
85
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern Species Example

A

Hympenolepis

86
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern 2

A
  • Vertebrate intermediate host (cow/pig) ingest eggs
  • Oncosphere enter intestinal lining
  • Enter Systemic Circulation
  • Travel to Organs to become CYSTICERCUS
87
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern 2 Species Example

A

Taenia

88
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern 2 Note

A

Invaginated scolex

89
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern 3

A
  • HYDATID cysts
  • Form Invagination on walls
  • Form brood capsules
  • If scolex present and ingested, develop into Adult worms
90
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern 3 Example

A

Echinococcus

Parasitology Exam 3 (3 decks)

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