Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmania Flashcards
What is the 1st line recommended treatment by WHO for VL?
Liposomal Amphototericin B - cumulative 20mg/kg
What is PKDL?
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis - a clinical manifestation after treatment for VL
What is the most common form leishmania - visceral or cutaenous?
Cutaneous - accounts for 75%
How many cases of CL occur per year?
60,000 - 1 million/year
Which countries account for 2/3rds of cases?
Afghanistan
Algeria
Brazil
Columbia
Syria
Saudi Arabia
What is the classical lesion in CL?
Papule – Nodule – Plaque – Ulcer
Painless
Indurated border
May have localised lymphadenopathy (depends on size of lesion - proportional)
What is ‘Espundia’?
Mucosal involvement following New World CL
How is CL diagnosed?
Punch biopsy of the edge of the lesion - direct microscopy for amastigotes; PCR for speciation
If you decide to treat, what is the first-line option for CL?
Local injectable treatment - SSG
What other treatment options might be used to treat CL?
Cryotherapy
Thermotherapy
Topical paromomycin
What is ‘IRIS’ phenomenon?
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome -
In humans, which form of the parasite causes leishmania?
Amastigote
Where do the most severe cases of leishmania occur?
South America
What is the vector of leishmania?
The sandfly, of which there are two species
Who in the population does leishmania tend to mostly effect?
Children <10 years old and immunocompromised adults
