Viruses, Immunity, Protists, & Fungi Flashcards
“Bacteria infected and killed by viruses”
True or False?
True
Viruses structure
Contain DNA or RNA (protein coat) called a capsid
What is the “job” of a virus?
Infects a host cell to reproduce and takes control of the cell’s ribosomes to reproduce
Do viruses remain dormant in host cells and may re-emerge and cause an infection?
True or False?
True.
An example of a re-emerged infection
Chickenpox
- red, itchy
Examples of cancers triggered by viral infections
Hepatitis C –> liver cancer
HPV –> Cancer of cervix (genital warts)
Examples of virus
Tobacco mosaic virus, bacteriophage, adenovirus, HIV, and corona virus
Acute Infection (Lytic Cycle) Examples
Cold
Influneza
Coronavirus
Chronic Infection (Lysogenic Cycle)
Chickenpox –> shingles
Herpes
HPV –> cervical cancer
Difference between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell whereas the lysogenic cycle involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within.
What is gene therapy?
Use of genes to prevent diseases
Advantage of gene therapy
treatment for inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis
inherited disorder which causes damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. It affects the cells that produce sweat, mucus and digestive juices.
What are the three different types of barriers?
Mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, and biological barrier
What is the function of the different types of barriers?
Keep most of pathogens out of body such as bacteria and viruses
What is the function of the mechanical barrier?
It physically blocks pathogens from entering the body. The outer layer of the skin
What is the function of the mucous membranes in the mechanical barrier?
mucous traps pathogens and sweeps pathogens towards body openings
What is the structure of the mucous membrane?
Hair-like cilia
Other examples of mechanical barriers?
Respiritory GI, urinary, reproductive tracts
How does the mechanical barrier sweep pathgoens towards the body openings?
When you sneeze, cough it removes pathogens from throat and nose. Tears wash pathogens from eyes and urine from urinary tract
What is the function of the chemical barrier?
It destroys pathogens
What kills the pathogens in the chemical barrier?
Sweat, mucus, tears, and saliva enzymes kill the pathogens
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is an organism that causes disease
What are the 5 pathogens?
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms
What is the function of the biological barrier?
Living organisms help protect the body
An example of biological barrier
Millions of harmless bacteria live on human skin
What is the lympatic system?
It is a major part of the immune system
What is the function of the lympatic system?
It produces leukocytes called lymphocytes
What are leukocytes?
They are white blood cells that help your body fight germs
What are lymphocytes?
Type of red blood cells which play an important role in our immune system by helping our body fight off infection.