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Grade 11 Biology > Early Life > Flashcards

Early Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

Classifying organisms

-physical characteristics

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2
Q

What is Phylogeny?

A

Classifying based on “evolutionary” relatedness

- ie. DNA analysis

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining balance (kidneys, pH, hormones)

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4
Q

Organization

A

Compartmentalized molecules

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

Using or creating macromolecules

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6
Q

Growth

A

Building new molecules

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7
Q

Adaption

A

Adjusting to new enviornment

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8
Q

Response

A

Sensing + Responding

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9
Q

Reproduction

A

Creating offspring

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10
Q

What does LUCA stand for?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

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11
Q

What are the three different types of domains?

A

Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya

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12
Q

What is Cladograms?

A
  • groups of organisms descended from common ancestor
  • can be nested(small inside larger)
  • two descendants that split from the same node–> sister groups
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13
Q

What are the four characteristics of bacteria?

A

Single celled, prokaryotic(no nucleus), reproduce asexually by binary fission, DNA composed of large circular chromosome

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14
Q

What is the function of the capsule of a cell?

A

Protection, evade immune system

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15
Q

What is the function of the cell wall of a cell?

A

Structure, eubacteria contains peptidoglycan

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane of a cell?

A

Controls entrance and exit of substances

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17
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm of a cell?

A

“jelly” which fills the cell

18
Q

What is the function of the DNA(chromosome) of a cell?

A

Very large single DNA helix, joined by a circle

19
Q

What is the function of the DNA(plasmids) of a cell?

A

Small DNA circles, passed from cell to cell

20
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes of a cell?

A

Build protein from amino acids

21
Q

What is the function of the food granule of a cell?

A

Food that bacteria engulfed

22
Q

What is the function of the pili(pilus) of a cell?

A

Projection on surface used to trade plasmids

23
Q

What is the function of the flagellum of a cell?

A

“tail” movement

24
Q

Binary Fission

A

“splitting into two” (instead of mitosis in eukaryotic cells)

25
Q

Sporulaton

A

cell starts to divide
forms a protective coat around spore
- can survive harsh/dry conditions for many years

26
Q

Conjugation

A

one bacteria cell “jabs” second cell with pilus

copy of plasmid can pass to new cell

27
Q

Gram- positive cocci colour?

A

purple

28
Q

Gram- positive bacilli colour?

A

purple

29
Q

Gram- negative cocci colour?

A

red

30
Q

Gram- negative bacilli colour?

A

red

31
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

A

cocci, bacilli, and others

32
Q

What shape is cocci?

A

round

33
Q

What shape is bacilli?

A

cylinder- rod

34
Q

What is the shape of the other bacteria?

A

spiral

35
Q

What is Normal Human Flora?

A

humans infants born sterile

36
Q

How is natural flora accumulated?

A

Vaginal canal
Breastfeeding
Putting hands in mouth

37
Q

Advantages of Normal Human Flora

A

Fewer cases of eczema, allergies, and asthma

38
Q

What is Gut Flora?

A

Produces vitamin B and K

39
Q

An Advantage of Gut Flora

A

Reduce likelihood of intestinal illness such as Irritable Bowel Disorder

40
Q

2 Disadvantages of Gut Flora

A 
Severe infections (C.difficile) treated with fecal transplant
Connected to obesity
41
Q

Advantage of External/Epidermal Flora

A

Prevents cases of skin infections and eczema

Grade 11 Biology (4 decks)

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