Plants Flashcards
Succession
The ordered change of plants in an ecosystem
Name the 2 types of Succession
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Primary Succession
Occurs in areas where there is no soil
Secondary Succession
The gradual change was seen in plant life where soil already has been established
3 things in the plant structure include…
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Why are roots improtant?
Important in anchoring the tree as well as for the uptake of water and minerals
Why are stems improtant?
Brings water and nutrients to the leaves and carries food back to the roots. They also support the plant.
Why are leaves improtant?
Essential for using the sun’s energy to make sugar from CO2 and water in the process of photosynthesis
Allows water ti evaporate–> transpiration
Name the 3 basic tissue types in Vascular Plants
Dermal Tissues
Vascular Tissues
Ground Tissues
2 tissue types of Dermal Tissues
Epidermis
Periderm
Structure of the Dermal Tissues
- outermost cell layers
- often have thicker cell walls
- covered with a waxy cuticle
2 tissue types of Vascular Tissues
Xylem
Phloem
Xylem
- thick walled cells
- dead at maturity
Phloem
- thin walled cells
- live at maturity
Role of Dermal Tissues
Protect against injury, hervivores, disease, and water loss
Role of Vascular Tissues
Transport water and nutrients and supoort plant body
3 tissue types of Ground Tissues
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
- thin walled cells
- living at maturity
Collenchyma
- thick walled cells
- living at maturity
Sclerenchyma
- cells with lignin in their cells
- dead at maturity
Role of Ground Tissues
- perform cellular processes to support growth and development
- store carbohydrate, especially starch
- support and protect plant body
Two types of Meristem Tissues
Apical Meristems
Lateral Meristems
Apical Meristems
- causes primary growth, ie. widening of plant
- occurs at tips of shoots and roots
- produces new leaves and flowers
Lateral Meristems
- causes secondary growth
- occurs at the cambium
- produces bark on trees
Name the 3 parts of the Structures of Leaves
Blade
Veins
Petiole
Blade
- flat part of leave
- capture as much as solar energy as possible
Veins
- contain vascular tissue to transport water, minerals and sugars
Petiole
Stalk that attaches leaf to the stem
Name the 2 types of leaves
Monoct
Dicot
Monoct
- parallel veins
- ie. grass, corn
Dicot
- branced or network veins
- ie. tress, most garden plants
5 Internal Leaf Structures are…
Mesophyll Palisade Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Stoma Guard Cell
Mesophyll
The photosynthetic middle layer of cells in the leaf of a terrestrial plant
Palisade Mesophyll
The layer of elongated photosynthetic cells arranged in columns under the upper surface of a leaf on a terrestrial plant
Spongy Mesophyll
The layer of loosely packed photosynthetic cells with large air spaced between them under the lower surface of a leaf on a terrestrial plant
Stoma
A small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows gas exchange
Guard Cell
One of two kidney shaped cells that control the opening and closing of a stoma
Name the 2 major types of Roots
Taproots
Fibrous
Taproots
- large, think central root with small lateral roots
- ie. dandelions
Fibrous
- many small, branching roots
- ie. grass
Transpiration
Movement of water from roots to leaves through xylem in veins
Asexual Reproduction
Plants can produce asexually
Vegetation Propagation
New plant can be formed without seeds or spores
Artifical Propagation
Plants propogated artifically
2 different methods of Artifical Propagation
Cutting
Grafting
