Viruses and Symptoms

Question 1

What virus causes most cases of glandular fever?

Answer 1

Infectious mononucleosis/Glandular fever (~90%) is caused by EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)

Question 2

What are the symptoms of glandular fever caused by EBV?

Answer 2

Fever, sore throat, myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue
Generalized lymphanopathy
Paul Bunnel +ve

Question 3

What is the cause of 10% of glandular fever cases?

Answer 3

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 4

What are the symptoms of glandular fever caused by CMV?

Answer 4

Fever, sore throat, myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue,
Generalized lymphanopathy.
Paul Bunnel -ve

Question 5

Which virus causes Acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Answer 5

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 6

What are the symptoms of AIDS?

Answer 6

Prodromal flu like syndrome weeks after infection followed by increasing immunogical compromisation with decreasing CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and opportunistic infection.

Question 7

Name two organisms that cause opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.

Answer 7

E.g. candida or pneumocystis carinii

Question 8

Which T-lymphocytes decrease in AIDS?

Answer 8

CD4+ T-lymphocyte

Question 9

What causes Dengue and what type of virus is it?

Answer 9

Dengue virus (flavivirus)

Question 10

What are the symptoms of Dengue?

Answer 10

Fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia and rashes.

Under certain circumstances a haemorrhagic immune driven reaction can take place.

Question 11

Which type of glandular fever is Paul Bunnel +ve?

Answer 11

EBV - Paul Bunnel +ve

CMV - Paul Bunnel -ve

Question 12

Which virus causes oral herpes?

Answer 12

Herpes Simplex I

Question 13

What are the symptoms of HSV I infection? How is it transmitted?

Answer 13

Orofacial sores develop. Transmission by contact. Can infect genital region.

Question 14

Which virus causes genital herpes?

Answer 14

Herpes Simplex II

Question 15

What are the symptoms of HSV II infection? How is it transmitted?

Answer 15

Genital sores develop.
Transmission by contact.
Can infect orofacial region.

Question 16

Which virus causes chickenpox/shingles?

Answer 16

Varicella Zoster (VZV)

Question 17

What are the symptoms of shingles?

Answer 17

Painful blisters over area of infected dermatome.

Question 18

What are the causes of viral hepatitis?

Answer 18

Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E)

Question 19

What are the symptoms of viral hepatitis?

Answer 19

Jaundice, fever, malaise, itching, nausea and vomiting.
Tender hepatomegaly.
Note that each the different viruses have differing disease courses and routes of transmission e.g. hepatitis B is blood borne.

Question 20

Which hepatitis viruses are bloodborne?

Answer 20

Hep B, C and D

Question 21

What is the source and route of transmission of Hepatitis A?

Answer 21

Source - faeces
Transmission - faeco-oral
Prevention - pre/post expsure immunisation

Question 22

What is the source and route of transmission of Hepatitis E?

Answer 22

Source - faeces
Transmission - faeco-oral
Prevention - ensure safe drinking water

Question 23

What virus causes Measles? What type of virus is it?

Answer 23

Measles virus (polymyxovirus)

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Measles?

Answer 24

Fever, cough, coryza and conjuntivits.
Maculopapular rash.
Koplik spots are pathogonomic.

Question 25

Which virus causes German measles?

Answer 25

Rubella

Question 26

What are the symptoms of German measles?

Answer 26

Low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, arthlargia headache.

Question 27

What is the cause of congenital rubella syndrome?

Answer 27

During pregnancy rubella can be passed transplacentally to the fetus and can cause congential rubella syndrome comprising many birth defects including fetal deafness.

Question 28

What causes maculopapular rash?

Answer 28

measles

Question 29

What causes koplik spots?

Answer 29

measles