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Microbiology Exam 3 > Viruses And Prion Diseases > Flashcards

Viruses And Prion Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of virus is HIV and what does it bring with it?

A

Retrovirus that brings Reverse trancriptase

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2
Q

What is the cell target of HIV? And what coreceptors allow it to attach and enter these cells?

A

Target cell: CD4+ helper T cells

Receptors important for attachment and entry are CCR5 and CXCR4

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3
Q

Which viruses are considered a pregnancy concern?

A 
HIV
HSV-2
HHV-5
Rubella
Zika
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4
Q

Which viruses are oncogenic?

A 
HHV-8
HHV-4
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
HPV
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5
Q

What is different about the life cycle of HIV?

A

It doesn’t fully mature until after release from the host cell

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6
Q

The influenza virus contains an envelope and spikes. What are those spikes called and how do they contribute to their virulence?

A

Hemeagglutin (HA): important for attachment

Neurominadase (NA): important for release

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7
Q

Which viruses does the MMR vaccine work for?

A

Measles
Mumps
Rubella

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8
Q

What is the route of transmission for measles, mumps , and rubella?

A

Respiratory droplets

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9
Q

What is characteristic of measles?

A

Kipling spots and macular rash

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10
Q

What is characteristic of Mumps?

A

Swelling of salivary glands. It is less contagious than Measles and Rubella

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11
Q

What is characteristic of Rubella?

A

It is a big pregnancy concern

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12
Q

Does HPV have a vaccine? What is its route of transmission?

A

Yes it has a vaccine for HPV-16

Route of transmission: direct contact (sexual contact)

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13
Q

HPV increases the risk of developing what two cancers?

A

Cervical cancers

Oral/ pharyngeal cancer

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14
Q

What type of a virus is polio virus and how is it transmitted?

A

Its an enterovirus

Route of transmission is fecal oral

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15
Q

What cells does the polio virus enter through and what cells are their destination?

A

Enter intestinal cells

Destination is nerve cells

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16
Q

Polio virus does have a vaccine what type of vaccine? There are two versions of it. What are the two versions and which one is there a risk of reversion?

A

Live attenuated

IPV and OPV

OPV has more risk of reversion

17
Q

Ebola has multiple strains, that are trasmitted trough what route? One of the routes is different but is only virulent to pigs, what is that route?

A

Normal route is direct contact

1 is respiratory route

18
Q

What is the reservoir of Ebola?

A

Fruit bats

19
Q

What is the vector for Zika?

A

Ades mosquitoe

20
Q

Zika is a pregnancy risk, it is is trasmitted to the fetus, what are the possible outcomes?

A

GBS

Microcephaly

21
Q

What viruses have dsDNA?

A

All herpes viruses

Hepatitis B

HPV

22
Q

What are some examples of latent viral infections?

A

HIV, shingles, Hepatitis

23
Q

What is the main function of acyclovir?

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

24
Q

A DNA virus brings ______

A RNA virus brings _______

A

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

25
Q

What type of RNA genome can be used right away as mRNA

A

Plus strand (sense strand)

26
Q

What type of RNA genome cannot be used directly as mRNA

A

Antisense strand (minus strand)

27
Q

Influenza virus is evident of ______________ which is why we need a new vaccine every year for it

A

Antigenic drift and antigenic shift

28
Q

What is antigenic drift (a characteristic of influenza)?

A

Change in a single strand (gene), may only involve one amino acid

29
Q

What is antigenic shift? And what is it responsible for?

A

Changes in HA and NA spikes

Due to reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell are incorporated into a single new new capsid

Responsible for epidemics and pandemics

30
Q

T/F: all HPV viruses are oncogenic

A

False, HPV 16 and 18 are the main oncogenic HPVs responsible for the oral pharyngeal cancer and cervical cancer

31
Q

Which virus is associated with high mortality rates and transferred via direct contact?

A

Ebola

32
Q

Human prion diseases are _______________ diseases

A

Neurodegenerative diseases

33
Q

What are examples of prion diseases?

A

CJD and Kuru

34
Q

What are the 3 different forms of CJD?

A

Familial: genetic
Sporadic: unknown cause
Hospital acquired: iatrogenic

35
Q

How is variant CJD acquired?

A

By consuming prion contaminated products

Microbiology Exam 3 (4 decks)

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