Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
nucleic core
A
- Either DNA or RNA
- hereditary material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane
2
Q
capsid
A
- protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid
3
Q
envelope
A
- a lipid bilayer covering the capsid
- protects the virus from nuclear enzymes
4
Q
receptor surface proteins
A
- glycoproteins
- help the virus avoid the host’s immune system
- identify and bind to receptor sites on the host’s membrane
5
Q
intracellular?
reproduce?
A
- intracellular parasites mean they grow and reproduce inside of a cell (harming it at the same time) in this case they can only survive inside another cell
- they do this by punching a hole in a cell’s wall
. they inject their nucleic acid into the cell
. the nucleic acid will replicate
. viruses are formed from the nucleic acid
. cell bursts and viruses move to other cells
6
Q
HIV?
AIDS?
A
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
. causes AIDS
. Replication occurs by HIV attaches itself to the CD4 cell’s receptor and enters the host cell
. Reverse Transcriptase is an enzyme that converts HIV RNA to HIV DNA
. Infected cells are activated and divide
. young HIV leave the CD4 cell
. The young HIV will grow and mature to eventually go and invade more CD4 cells
. infects and destroys T Helper cells (CD4 cells)
. Is transmitted by sexual contact, babies born to mother’s with HIV, infected blood entering another blood system - Antiretroviral drugs
. do not cure but rather stop replication and allow for the immune system to recover
. They target and block different stages of the virus’ life cycle
. They are different to antibiotics because antibiotics kill bacteria directly - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
. Caused by HIV
. Low CD4 count
. Rare diseases and cancers become evident
. person is susceptible to opportunistic infections
7
Q
Societal problems
A
- health, income, productivity and ability to care for each other
- exclusion, alienation and loneliness
- (economy and economic growth) productive people may be dying
- orphaned children
