Immunity

Question 1

Innate

Answer 1

• naturally present immunity (non-specific)
• phagocytosis
• rapid protection against microbes
• inflammation
• antimicrobial proteins lysozyme (digests the peptidoglycan)
• interferons (trigger the production of proteins that inhibit viral replication by binding to mRNA coded by the virus)

Question 2

adaptive immunity

Answer 2

• Introduced to the body (specific)
• highly specialised cells that target pathogens
• antibodies for specific pathogens
• remember viruses by the antigens
• has memory to deal with reoccurring antigens

Question 3

active immunity

Answer 3

• acquired from exposure to specific antigens which can be natural or artificial

Question 4

passive immunity

Answer 4

• antibodies are given to a person rather than produced by the person

Question 5

antibody

Answer 5

• produced by B Lymphocytes
• cause gems to clump together
• label them for phagocytes
• neutralise bacterial toxins

Question 6

antigen

Answer 6

• surface of germ / pathogen

- recognisable molecule

Question 7

vaccinations

Answer 7

• an introduction of a weakened strain, toxin or partial amount of pathogenic cells
• stimulates our bodies immune system to produce antibodies

Question 8

MMR Vaccine

Answer 8

• Measles, Mumps and Rubella
• given to young children
• increase because Antivaxxer movements have increased… they have caused an increase in less vaccinations for example MMR (because of the conception that vaccines give your children retardation) this allowing for the pathogens to thrive in those people

Question 9

immunity development

Answer 9

• born with a natural immunity
• introduction to more pathogens allow for a greater variety of resistance
• T and B cells help this by remembering certain pathogens by their antigens and produce antibodies specific to that pathogen
• very specific to the pathogen they remember
• great memory for antigens

Question 10

Innate immunity

Answer 10

• skin (first line of defence, stops original infection by preventing entry)
• macrophages (very large phagocytic cells, they engulf foreign material by phagocytosis, live longer, mainly found in organs, cut pathogens up into recognisable antigens for the lymphocytes)
• fever (primary response, raised body temperature trying to denature the pathogen’s proteins and higher than reproduction suitability, plus it moves the blood quickly which transports white blood cells quickly)
• mucous (a barrier that traps inhaled particles, keep from getting deeper into the lungs, stops them from entering your system)