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Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

DO you use antibiotics for viruses?

A

NO, 2-5 common cold per year. Symptoms gone within a week.

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2
Q

In the common cold, what are the known viruses?

A

Rhinoviruses 50%
coronavirus10%
no agent 40%

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3
Q

What is the most frequent cause of Upper Res tract infection?

A

Adenoviruses

- exactly like strep, but CANNOT be distinguished from strep except by throat culture*

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4
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of adenovirus?

A

runny nose, sore throat, thrush

- causative agent more than 50 antigenic types that infect humans

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5
Q

Killer cold virus is named

A

Adenovirus Ad14, clears w/o medical treatment mild fever, runny nose, throat irratation

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6
Q

What are the bad strains of adenovirus?

A

3, 7, 21, 30 diarrhea, bronchitis, high fevers, viral meningitis, encephalitis, cystitis, pneumonia, badder infection

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7
Q

What is the highly communicable acute respiratory infection, very contagious and in URT?

A

influenza, airborne

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8
Q

Since influenza is a virus, the spikes contain

A

Hemagglutin (H)- virion attaches to penetrate host

Neuraminidase (N)- release virions from host cell after replication

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9
Q

What are the most common types of influenza that cause pandemic/epidemic?

A

influenza A- strikes every year
influenza B- less common
influenza C- not pandemic

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10
Q

What are the complications of influenza?

A

Guillain -Barre syndrome- damages nerves (French polio) paralysis & coma
Reye syndrome- kids using aspirin vomiting, confusion in 5 stages leading to seizures and coma/death.

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11
Q

When a new strain occurs every year, what happens?

A

A new vaccine comes out which is a mix of type A & B
DRIFT- small changes to virus
SHIFT- major changes, cause epidemic

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12
Q

What virus is caused by Influenza H5N1?

A

Avian Influenza, highly pathogenic

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13
Q

Where does the swine flu come from?

A

Pigs, Type A influenza.

Bad viruses are H1N1 H3N2 H1N2

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14
Q

What virus occurs in the LRT coughing, wheezing, fever, congestion, infecting bronchioles causing cells to fuse together into syncytia?

A

RS Respiratory Syncytial spread by cough kissing, droplets

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15
Q

What infections are cause by human parainfluenza 1 &; 3 viruses?

A

Parainfluenza infections

- MILDER than influenza &; RS

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16
Q

SARS is spread how?

A

close person-person contact cause URT illness have to be isolated.

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17
Q

Reservoir in deer mouse, spread through saliva, urine, feces, Wet Drought & hemorrhagic fevers?

A

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

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18
Q

Type 1 Herpes Alpha Virus is known as

A

HSV1 - herpes labialis (ORAL)
HSV 2 -herpes GENITALS
HZV -chickenpox, zoster, shingles, reys syndrome

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19
Q

Type 2 Beta herpes virus is known as

A

CMV**mononucleosis
retinitis
congenital encephalitis

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20
Q

Type 3 Gamma Herpes virus is known as

A

EBV***** mononucleosis
malignancy
HHV- 6 roseola

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21
Q

TORCH the T stands for

A

Toxoplasmosis (Protozoan in cat stools stay away during 1st trimester)

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22
Q

TORCH the O stands for

A

Other

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23
Q

TORCH the R stands for

A

Rubella- GERMAN MEASLES

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24
Q

TORCH the C stands for

A

Cytomegalovirus

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25
Q

H in TORCH stands for

A

HERPES… varicella, zoster, CMV, EBV could remain latent for a long periods of time

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26
Q

HSV1 is very

A

contagious, primary infections becoming latent in sensory ganglia.

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27
Q

HSV2 is very common in

A

Genital herpes which is a common STD.

- NO CURE, but antivirals can decrease # of outbreaks

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28
Q

What does chicken pox look like?

A

Crops of tear drop lesions, about 500 fluid filled lesions. AL OUTBREAK SAME TIME*

  • no longer prevalent
  • skin contact respiratory droplets
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29
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus VZV. contagious till the LAST scab falls off*
- Vaccine available 85% effective

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30
Q

Shingles is caused by what virus?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus, you need to have had chickenpox.

- remains in nerve cells and reactivated, ice pick painful.

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31
Q

What is the vaccine for shingles?

A

Zostavax ** , shingles can happen on face, chest, back, nipple forehead

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32
Q

6th disease also called HHV 6 happens primarily in

A

Infants, causes ROSEOLA in infants marked by high fever, red rash*

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33
Q

What infection causes measles (rubeola) ?

A

Paramyxovirus infections, since in children making koplick spots- red patches with white granules*
- RED RASH hairline, trunk, extremities

34
Q

What are the complications of measles?

A

subacute sclerosing panencepalitis, pagets disease of the bone

35
Q

What is mumps?

A

Epidemic Paroitis

  • enlarged jaw tissues by swollen salivary glands from blockage of parotid glands
  • MMR vaccine
36
Q

What is the complications of mumps?

A

swelling/damage to orchitis/testes!

37
Q

What are the 2 measles known as ?

A

Rubio- Reg measles

Rubella- German measles

38
Q

Rubella (german measles)

A

By togoviridae, R in TORCH

  • contact/droplets
  • fever pink rash
  • NO koplick spots
39
Q

What is known as the slapped cheek disease?

A

Fifth disease

  • Erythema infectiosum
  • PAROVIRUS
  • fiery rash on cheek, ears, trunk.
40
Q

The fifth disease is the 5th series to cause as rash..

A 
Measles
Scarlet fever
Rubella
HHV6- ROSEOLA
Erythema Infectiosum (5th disease)
41
Q

What are wart like skin lesions, firmy waxy depression in the middle?

A

Viral disease is called Molluscum Contagiosum.

MOLLUSCM BODIES in infected cells from the base of lesions.

42
Q

What strains are associated with cervical cx?

A

HPV, common warts happen.

GARDASIL vaccine now.

43
Q

Viral STD are what kind of viruses?

A

double stranded DNA viruses.
15 strong transmitted sexually out of 40.
- cervical, penile, vulvar, anal, oral cx

44
Q

What is the #1 sexually transmitted disease?

A

Papillomavirus STDS, can remove warts but not cure infection

45
Q

Desquamation of the fingers and toes occur in

A

Kawasaki Disease

  • Leading cause of acquired heart disease in US !
  • ages 1-2 , seen as high fever and red spots
46
Q

Smallpox is also called

A

Variola, contagious.

- caused by Paxiviridae spherical vesicles appear all at once*

47
Q

Guarneri bodies

A

seen in small pox in this variola virus, containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic bodies

48
Q

What viral infections enter blood & lymphatic system?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

  • Affects B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes/spleen
  • EBV Epstein Barr Virus
  • Horses/pigs RBC
49
Q

Which Hepatitis are water-borne?

A

A and E

50
Q

Which hepatitis are blood borne?

A

B, C, D, F, G

51
Q

Which hepatitis has short incubation & long incubation?

A

Short- Hep A

Long- Hep B .. sexually transmitted body fluids

52
Q

What can you test for in Hep B?

A 
envelope Surface antigen HBsAG 
Nucleocapsid Core antigen HBcAG
- DANE PARTICLE Virion
- cleared weeks/months
- chronic infection
53
Q

Which Hep can you get that is fine, but combined with B you die quickly?

A

Hep D by itself is fine. BUt Hep B and D is deadly.

54
Q

Hep C is transmitted by

A

Blood

  • Primary cause of Cirrhosis of liver transplants
  • no vaccine available
55
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fevers are known as

A

Lassa(fever for weeks), Ebola, Hanta patients will go into SHOCK. All ARTHOPOD-BORNE/arboviruses
- 1- 21 incubation avg 3-10 days

56
Q

Blood sucking mosquitos Walter reed associated virus is called

A

Yellow Fever

  • muscle pain, fever, headache
  • can reappear to black vomit, hemorrhaging and enter coma too.
  • 2 vaccines but no therapeutic drugs
57
Q

Feels like every bone in my body is breaking is known as

A

Dengue fever

  • mosquitos
  • virus in WBC and platelets
  • can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever*
58
Q

What are some common viral fevers?

A

Colorado tick fever- saddleback temp curve cause high temp day low temp night
SANDFLY fever- high fever, joint/bone resembling Dengue fever
RIFT valley fever- Dengue like pain, viruses used in biological warfare.

59
Q

Hep A and E are found mostly in

A

GI tract

60
Q

Hep A belong to what RNA viruses?

A

Picornaviridae

61
Q

What are the viruses without disease?

A 
ECHO
Enteric
Cytopathogenic
Human
Orphan
62
Q

Echo, viruses w/o disease is usually found in

A

GI tract, known to cause summer diarrhea.

- INFECTIONS SIMILAR TO COXSACKIE VIRUS!

63
Q

All GI viruses are known as

A

Echovirus- causes gastroenteritis, summer diarrhea
Rotavirus- #1 cause of diarrhea in infants 2 days
Norovirus- major epidemic, oral- fecal route CRUISE

64
Q

What is the enterovirus called?

A

ED-68 Polio like

65
Q

Coxsackie virus causes

A

Hand, foot, mouth disease

  • infants/young
  • rash palms of hands & soles of feet
66
Q

Group A coxsackie virus

A

1 hand, foot, mouth disease rash bumps on tongue, cheek, and doesn’t itch. causes aseptic meningitis and myocarditis.

67
Q

Group B coxsackie virus

A

Implicated as a diabetic-causing agent* could get it diabetes*
- epidemic pleurodynia (disease of ribs. muscles, myocarditis)

68
Q

Negri bodies is associated with

A

Rabies ( brain cells)

69
Q

In Rabies Virus,

A

warm blooded animals transmitted by a tick.
6 days - 1 yr incubation*
- aggressive to difficult swallowing and causes encephalitis

70
Q

Furious rabies is when

A

Animal is violent and attack anything in site

71
Q

Dumb rabies is when

A

Animal is dumb and docile, are vaccinated,

72
Q

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

A

transmitted by feces, dust, urine of rodents, hamsters, dogs, monkeys.

  • Causes aseptic meningitis
  • not transmitted through human-human contact
  • 1-3 weeks subsides
  • O in TORCH (transplacental)
73
Q

Arthropodborne Encephalitis

A

Transmitted in summer months from horse to mosquitos through bite then to human through bite.
EEE- eastern equine encephalitis
WEE- Western Esquine Encephalitis
- pain, stiffness in neck, blind, deaf, paralysis, coma, death.

74
Q

West Nile Virus

A

Infected mosquitos

  • transmit it to humans through bites
  • can cause west nile encephalitis
75
Q

Poliovirus

A

inflammation of gray matter

  • contaminated water/food
  • body trunk extend of paralysis depends on where it is on spine
  • 3 types of polio virus
76
Q

Post-polio syndrome

A

auto-immune syndrome that sprouts later on, new pain, atrophy, sometimes worse with post-polio than initial symptoms.

77
Q

Prion disease

A

Slow virus, an infectious particle made of protein thought to be a cause if # of animal diseases
- Mad cow, Cruetzfeldt-jacob, PD, MS

78
Q

Chikungunya virus

A

Single stranded RNA virus

  • mosquitos borne viral disease
  • hands and feet joint symptoms
  • headache, nausea, vomiting
79
Q

Zika Virus

A

mosquito borne

no cure

80
Q

bulbar polio

A

affects medulla,, vagus nerve

  • affects respiration via paralysis of diaphragm and swallowing
  • IRON LUNG for spirometer

Micro (3 decks)

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