Viruses

Question 1

Parvoviruses

Answer 1

single stranded DNA virus

disease: gastroenteritis, fetal death

Question 2

Adenovirus

Answer 2

Double stranded DNA virus

disease: respiratory infections

Question 3

Papillomavirus (human wart virus)

Answer 3

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: direct contact
disease: human warts, benign tumors, genital warts (STD), cervical cancer

Question 4

Orthopoxvirus (poxvirus)

Answer 4

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: respiratory secretions, contact with open vessicles or lesions
disease: small pox

Question 5

Herpes Simplex (HSV) I virus

Answer 5

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: respiratory, recurrences due to stress, sunlight, hormones
disease: fever blisters, cold sores (oral cavity)

Question 6

Herpes simplex (HSV) II virus

Answer 6

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: direct contact, STD, may cross placenta, during bith
disease: genital herpes, cervical cancer, herpes of newborn/fetus

Question 7

Varicella Zoster Virus (vzv) herpes virus III

Answer 7

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: respiratory
disease: chicken pox (childhood disease)

Question 8

Herpes Zoster

Answer 8

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: originates from varicella zoster virus (mutated form)
disease: shingles

Question 9

Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 9

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: saliva, respiratory
disease: infectious mononucleosis - sore throat, high fever, very tired (kissing disease), chronic fatigue syndrome - 19-20 hours of sleep, have it for life

Question 10

Hepatitis B Virus

Answer 10

double stranded DNA virus

transmission: bodily fluids (blood, genital secretions)
disease: progressive liver infection - chronic liver infection that progressively gets worse

Question 11

Enteroviruses

Answer 11

single stranded RNA virus

habitat: colon

Question 12

Hepatitis A

Answer 12

single stranded RNA virus
transmission: oral/fecal route
infectious hepatitis (liver disease) not chronic

Question 13

Poliovirus

Answer 13

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: oral/fecal route
disease: poliomyelitis (polio) - causes paralysis, can die from respiratory failure

Salk Vaccine - inactivated vaccine - “dead vaccine” - take pieces of capsid & put in vaccine
Sabin Vaccine - attenuated vaccine - “living” - genetically altered vaccine (virulent genes removed)

Question 14

Coxsackivirus

Answer 14

single stranded RNA virus
SARS - sudden acute respiratory syndrome
disease: aseptic meningitis, bronchitis

Question 15

Rhinovirus

Answer 15

single stranded RNA virus
cold virus
transmission: hands to fomite to mouth
disease: common cold, bronchitis

Question 16

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

Answer 16

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: oral/fecal route
disease: liver infection (liver disease) - not chronic

Question 17

Arboviruses

Answer 17

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: arthropod vectors (jointed insects - mosquitoes)
disease: eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), western equine encephalitis (WEE)

Question 18

Rubella Virus

Answer 18

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: respiratory secretions
disease: rubella/german measles (mild infection in adults), congenital rubella syndrome (pregnant - 1st trimester - 35% chance of birth defects, may cause death)

Question 19

Flavivirus (arbovirus)

Answer 19

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: arthropod vectors
disease: yellow fever - liver infection (mosquito), dengue fever (break bone fever) - hemorrhagic fever Ifatal - lungs fill up with blood), St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), west nile encephalitis (WNE) - came to US from boats and tires

Question 20

Hepatitis C virus

Answer 20

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: body fluids, blood (tattoos, dirty ink)
disease: hepatitis (chronic liver disease)

Question 21

Influenza virus A, B, C

Answer 21

single stranded RNA virus
always mutating - reason for many vaccines
transmission: respiratory secretions, birds (ducks)
disease: influenza
mutations: secondary bacterial infections –> Haemophilus influenze, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus

Question 22

Paramyxovirus

Answer 22

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: respiratory secretions
vaccine: MMR (trivalent vaccine) measles, mumps, rubella
diseases: mumps, measles (rubeola) - very contagious

Question 23

Lyssavirus

Answer 23

single stranded RNA virus
Rabies virus
transmission: contact with saliva into wound (bite or trauma) and aerosol from bat feces (respiratory)
disease: rabies (fatal encephalitis)

Question 24

Filovirus

Answer 24

single stranded RNA virus
Ebola virus
transmission: bodily fluids, secretions
disease: ebola fever (hemorrhagic fever) - bleed out, suffocate in own blood

Question 25

Marburg virus

Answer 25

single stranded RNA virus
mutated ebola, 1,000,000 x more lethal than ebola
killed a whole village
hemorrhagic fever

Question 26

Hantavirus

Answer 26

single stranded RNA virus
transmission; rodent’s dried urine and feces ( mice) respiratory - breathe dried mice feces
disease: hemorrhagic fever

Question 27

Bunyavirus

Answer 27

single stranded RNA virus

transmission: mosquito
disease: California encephalitis

Question 28

Hepatits D virus

Answer 28

single stranded RNA virus
transmission; body fluids
disease: hepatitis (severe liver damage), high mortality, acute infection
no disease unless hepatitis B virus is also present (requires coinfection with hepatitis B virus)

Question 29

Oncoviruses

Answer 29

double stranded RNA virus
retrovirus
tumors, cancers (leukemia)

Question 30

Lentivirus

Answer 30

double stranded RNA virus
HIV
retrovirus
acquired human immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)