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medical mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses - Method of Transmission

A

direct contact with infected person, animal, or fomite

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2
Q

Method of Transmission of Cutaneous Mycoses

A

direct contact with infected person, animal, or fomite

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3
Q

Types of Mycoses

A

Cutaneous Mycoses
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Systemic Mycoses

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4
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses

A

dermatomycoses

infection of the epidermis, hair, and nails (ex. ringworm, athlete’s foot)

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5
Q

Dermatophyte

A

fungi that cause cutaneous mycoses

not dimorphic, mold form only

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6
Q

mucocutaneous mycoses

A

infection of mucous membrane (ex. candida albicans)

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7
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses

A 
infection of the subcutaneous tissue (infection of the 3rd layer of skin)
forms ulcers (abscesses) and nodules just beneath the skin --> more serious than cutaneous mycoses
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8
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses - Method of Transmission

A

Fungal spores or hyphae entering small puncture wound of skin (ex. rose bush)

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9
Q

Systemic Mycoses

A

deep within the patient (within bloodstream)
disseminates to vital organs
fatal (99% fatal)

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10
Q

Systemic Mycoses - Method of Transmission

A

inhalation of spores or hyphae

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11
Q

Genera of Dermatophytes

A

Microsporum audouini
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Epidermophyton floccosum

causes ringworm and athlete’s foot

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12
Q

Types of Cutaneous Mycoses caused by Dermatophytes

A

SITE of dermatophytes NOT actual dermatophytes

Tinea Capitis (ringworm of scalp)
Tinea Corporis (ringworm of body)
Tinea Pedis (ringworm of feet)
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13
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses Method of Transmission

A

direct contact with infected animals or people

indirect contact - shower floors, comb/brush

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14
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses Treatment

A 
Topical Drugs (miconazole, clotrimazoole) - skin and nails
Oral Antibiotic (Griseofulvin) - for hair involvement --> does not work on skin, only hair b/c har has blood supply at root, skin does not
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15
Q

Diagnosis of Tinea Infections (cutaneous mycoses)

A

KOH wet mount - skin scrapings
wood’s UV lamp - hair infections
dermatotrophic test media - look for pigment production

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16
Q

Candida Albicans

A

3 types of mycoses - cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and systemic mycoses
false yeast - only reproduces asexually
not dimorphic - yeast form only
“normal flora”
opportunistic pathogen under proper conditions

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17
Q

Infections of Candida albicans

A

Thrush (oral candidiasis) - mucocutaneous - very common in newborns due to low immune systems. caused by long term antibiotic treatment

Vaginitis - mucocutaneous - antibiotic treatment and low immune system

Bartender’s Finger - cutaneous - low pH (acidic), glucose

Systemic involvement - immunosuppressed host, extensive antibiotic therapy, complication of surgery (portal of entry), diabetes

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18
Q

Treatment of Candida albicans

A 
Nystatin, Miconazole, Clotrimazole
Oral ketonconazole ( for systemic infections)
19
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

most common subcutaneous mycoses
disease: Rose-Gardener’s Disease
symptoms: forms ulcers and nodules just beneath the skin (cyst)
transmission: puncture wound, trauma - rose bush thorn puncture, spores/hyphae injected
dimorphic - mold 25C, yeast 37C

20
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - geographic regions

A

warm temperature, moist areas of tropics and semitropics

21
Q

Treatment of Sporothrix schenckii

A

Amphotericin B

22
Q

Allescheria boydii - geographic regions

A

equatorial africa, mexico, latina america and occasionally US

23
Q

Treatment of Allescheria boydii

A

Amphotericin B, amputation

24
Q

Allescheria boydii (madurella)

A

Subcutaneous mycoses
disease: mycetoma (fungal tumor, madura foot)
symptoms: localized abscess in subcutaneous tissue, may spread to muscles and bones
transmission: puncture wound
dimorphic

25
Q

Philalophora verruscosa - geographic regions

A

latin america tropics and subtropics

26
Q

Treatment of Philalophora verruscosa

A

Amphotericin B, amputation

27
Q

Philalophora verruscosa

A 
subcutaneous mycoses
disease: chromoblastomycosis
symptoms: dark pigmented lesions and nodules (cauliflower looking lesions - does not hurt, peripheral nerves destroyed)
transmission: puncture wound
dimorphic
28
Q

Method of Transmission of Systemic Mycoses

A

inhalation of spores or hyphae –> lung infection –> disseminates in blood or tissues –> to vital organs

29
Q

Systemic Mycoses

A

fungal infection of deep tissues and vital organs (within bloodstream)
disseminates to vital organs
saprophytic fungi
dimorphic
fatal (99% fatal)
method of transmission: inhalation of spores or hyphae

31
Q

Treatment of Coccidiodes immitis

A

Amphotericin B, Ketoconazole

32
Q

Coccidiodes immitis - geographic regions

A

southwestern US, san joaquin valley, mexico, parts of central and south america (ubiquitous)

32
Q

Coccidiodes immitis

A

systemic mycoses
disease: coccidiodomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever, Valley Fever)
route of transmission: inhalaton of arthroscpores or hyphae to lungs to pulmonary infection
symptoms: range from common cold to pneumonia
most cases - self limiting, complete recovery
less than 1% - chronic progressive pulmonary disease that disseminates to blood stream to vital organs
dimorphic

33
Q

Treatment of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, surgery

34
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum - geographic regions

A

Mississippi Valley, Ohio Valey, eastern and central US

35
Q

Treatment of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Amphotericin B, Itraconazole

36
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

systemic mycoses
most common pathogenic fungi disease - does not take many spores to make you sick
Disease: histoplasmosis (mississippi valley fever, ohio valley fever)
route of transmission: inhalation of tubercule (spiked) chlamydospores to lungs –> pulmonary infection –> disseminates to vital organs
symptoms: pulmonary infection (self limiting in most cases), disseminates to vital organs (ex liver, spleen, bone marrow, CNS)
dimorphic

37
Q

Treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Amphotericin B, Flucytosine

38
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis - geographic regions

A

Mississippi Valley, Ohio Valley - eastern and central US

39
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A

disease: Aspergillosis (pulmonary infection - disseminates to brain, vital organs)
associated with immunosuppressed host or exposure to large number of spores
treatment: Amphotericin B and surgical removal of infected areas

40
Q

Aspergillus flavis

A

Aflatoxin (yellow mold) - toxic, causes death

grows on grains, corn, peanuts, nuts, and animal feed

41
Q

Rhizopus and Mucor species

A

disease: Mucormycosis (pulmonary infection)
associated with immunosuppressed host or exposure to large amounts of spores
treatment: amphotericin B and surgical removal of infected areas

42
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - geographic regions

A

US highest prevalence but world wide

43
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

systemic mycoses
disease: blastomycosis ( north american blastomycosis)
route of transmission: inhalation of non-tubercule chlamydospores to lungs –> pulmonary infection –> disseminates to vital organs
symptoms: pulmonary infection (self limiting), disseminates - progresses to lungs (tumors) skin and other vital organs
dimorphic

44
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Systemic mycoses
Disease: cryptococcosis (fatal meningitis and encephalitis)
route of transmission: inhalation of yeast (found in pigeon feces) to lungs –> pulmonary infection –> bloodstream–> disseminates to meninges and brain
opportunistic pathogen - found in soil enriched with PIGEON DROPPINGS
occurs primarily in debilitated or immunosuppressed patients
symptoms: pulmonary infection (self limiting), disseminates - nodules form in lungs –> bloodstream –> meninges and brain
not dimorphic - yeast phase only (thick capsule)

microbiology (5 decks)

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