Viruses Flashcards
uncurable and fatal neurodegenerative disorders
enumerate the common prion diseases.
spongiform encepahalopathies
CJD & BSE
CJD & BSE - behavioral and personality changes, depression and a range of psychotic symptoms
refers to the result of protein misfolding and subsequent propagation of the misfolded protein state within tissues
forms of amyloid fibers are?
prions disease
tissue plaques
miscellaneous viruses
ENUMERATE THEIR:
- common name
- gene
- causes what diseases?
- lab diagnosis
Astrovirus, TTV, HGV
ASTROVIRUS: ssRNA, childhood diarrhea, EM
TTV: DNA, flavivirus
HGV: RNA, circovirus
both are at human blood specimens but have not yet been associated with any disease
enumerate the viruses of family Flaviviridae
what is the most common characteristic and the treatment?
-
Arboviruses
* yellow fever
* dengue
* west nile
* japanese encephalitis
* St. louis encephalitis - Hepatitis C virus
characteristic: ssRNA treatment: supportive, interferon
identify the ff: Arbovirus
- MOT
- Disease
- Diagnosis
- specimen of choice
what is arbovirus?
- MOT: “arthropod” usually MOSQUITO
- Disease: St. louis, west nile, dengue, yellow fever
- Diagnosis: serologic (RT-PCR)
- Specimen: CSF
Arthropod-borne (fam: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae)
identify the ff: HCV
- MOT
- Disease
- Treatment
MOT: Parenteral/sexual
Disease: acute/chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma
Treatment: interferon
prevention: screening of blood supply & avoid contact
most prevalent arbovirus in the world and the leading cause of illness and death in tropics and subtropics.
flavi means? main reservoir of this virus?
DENGUE
YELLOW | main reservoir: humans
enumerate the vectors of Dengue and their serotypes
enumerate the conditions associated
Aedes aegypti & Aedes albopictus
serotypes: DEN-1, 2, 3, 4
Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome
dengue starts at what symptoms?
Dengue fever is often referred to as?
- fever
- headache
- chills
- general myalgia
- macropapular rash (trunk to the face and extremities)
breakborne fever
dengue
incubation period: ?
blood should be collected during?
what is the common symptom of DHF and DSS
IP: 3-5 days | 2-7 days
should be collected during first 3-5 days of illness
DHF: petechiae DSS: severe plasma leakage
Enumerate the viruses of Filoviridae
“filo” means?
Ebola and Marburg virus
thread-like (long filamentous structural morphology)
this appears in many forms: 6, U, or circular
identify the ff: EBOLA & MARBURG
- MOT
- Disease
- Diagnosis
important characteristic of their gene
MOT: humans from monkeys | human to human via body fluids/respiratory droplets
Disease: Severe hemorrhage & liver necrosis
Diagnosis: EM, cell culture, BSC L4 required
ssRNA
most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses
etiologic agent of the marburg infection?
filovirus
African green monkeys
morphology of Marburg’s hemorrhagic fever.
this is endemic in?
what is hemorrhagic fever?
shepherd’s hook
endemic in AFRICA
multisystem syndrome | vascular system is damaged
enumerate the vaccines for filovirus and the vacination process
first filovirus was discovered in? but now outbreak in?
vaccines:
- AD26-EBOV
- MVA-EBOV
vaccination process: heterologous prime-boost
Marburg Germany: lab workers had HF while preparing POLIO VACCINE
enumerate the subspecies of Ebola
what Ebola subsp that causes disese only in nonhuman primates?
Ebola was named after?
- Zaire
- Bundibigyo
- Sudan
- Reston
- Thai forest
RESTON ebola virus - nonhuman primates
named after a river in Zaire
the transmission of this virus is rapid and the outbreak is due to nosocomial infections
diagnosis of this virus?
EBOLA virus
RT-PCR, EM, ELISA, Cell culture (BSC L4 is a must!)
identify the ff: RABIES VIRUS
- family
- MOT
- Detection
- Prevention
2 characteristics
family: Rhabdoviridae
MOT: bite/scratch & infected saliva
Detection: Fluorescent Antibody, PCR
Prevention: vaccine for animals, post-exposure prophylaxis, immunization with rabies vaccine (3 doses)
ssRNA & bullet-shaped
infects plants, arthropods, fish, and mammals which the virus initially multiply in the musculoskeletal tissue or invade in the peripheral nerves or nerve endings directly.
viral genome progresses centripetally, transneuronally through —
RABIES VIRUS
neurotropic virus that infects ALL mammals
retrograte axoplasmal flow to the CNS
site of viral replication of rabies?
mainly — and —
clinical presentation of rabies are through?
NEURONS
mainly brain & spinal cord
furious and dumb type
patient remains in a prolonged state of generalized anesthesia, antiviral drugs, and supportive, life-sustaining care until the individual’s natural active immunity is capable of clearing…
technique used in staining negri bodies
Milwawukee protocol
Seller’s technique
heightened aggression and agitiation is?
lethargy and paralysis is?
diagnosis for rabies
aggression and agitation = furious
lethargy and paralysis = dumb
postmortem exam of brain tissue using a DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENT A.
identify the ff: rubella virus
- family
- other name of rubella
- transmitted through?
- risk
- detection
charactieristic: gene
fam: Togaviridae
GERMAN MEASLES
MOT: nasopharyngeal secretions & congenital
risk: exposure of infection of pregnant
detection: serologic
ssRNA
benign disease characterized by fever and rash
intrauterine transfusion may occur during?
RUBELLA VIRUS
1st trimester - low birth weight, mental retardation, deafness, etc.
rubella
infection that occurs later in pregnancy causes?
fetal infection can be prevented through?
splenomegaly or osteomyelitis
vaccine before pregnancy
enumerate the viruses under paramyxoviridae
what is the characteristics?
- Measles
- Mumps
- Parainfluenza virus
- Respiratory synctial virus
- Metapneumovirus
ssRNA and no segmented genome
identify the ff: MEASLES & MUMPS
- MOT
- Detection
- Treatment
MEASLES: Treatment for immunocompromised patients
MOT: respiratory secretions/droplets
Detection: Cell culture PMK, serology
T: SUPPORTIVE CARE
immune serum globulin
identify the ff: parainfluenza
- MOT
- Disease (adult & children)
- Detection
- epidemiology
MOT: respiratory secretions
Disease adult: upper resp disease & pneumonia
disease children: croup, bronchitis, pneumonia
epid: occurs year-round
single or small cluster of lesions. this can be acquuired through?
what is the diagnosis?
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
acquired thru nonsexual, direct contact, fomites, sexually
biopsy, histologic exam, PCR, RFLP, RT-PCR
large lesions on face, neck, scalp, and upper body on immunocompromised patients.
transmitted from sheep to human through human direct contact with infected sheep. single nodules usually on the hands painful and accompanied with low grade fever and lymphnodes swelling
autoinoculation of the eye - serious consequence
ORF
resolves 4-6 weeks without further complications
identify the ff: HPV
- family
- characteristic
- MOT
- disease
- diagnosis
- oncogenic
site of latency?
fam: Papovaviridae
characteristics: >200 dsDNA
MOT: DC, sexual contact for genital warts
disease: skin, genital warts, benign head and neck tumors, anogenital warts
diagnosis: CYTOLOGY & PROBES
oncogenic: cervical and penile cancer esp type 16 & 18
epithelial tissue
more than 30 sexually transmitted genotypes with different cellular tropism resuling in designed variation in the clinical presentation
HPV
classify what HPV
plantar warts:
warts of the hands:
genital warts:
adenocarcinoma:
cancer of the oropharynx and penile cancer in males:
plantar warts: HPV1
warts of the hands: HPV 2 & 4
genital warts: HPV 6, HPV 11
adenocarcinoma: HPV18
cancer of the oropharynx and penile cancer in males: HPV 16
most prevalent sexually transmitted viral disease
HPV
