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Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

uncurable and fatal neurodegenerative disorders

enumerate the common prion diseases.

A

spongiform encepahalopathies

CJD & BSE

CJD & BSE - behavioral and personality changes, depression and a range of psychotic symptoms

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2
Q

refers to the result of protein misfolding and subsequent propagation of the misfolded protein state within tissues

forms of amyloid fibers are?

A

prions disease

tissue plaques

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3
Q

miscellaneous viruses

ENUMERATE THEIR:
- common name
- gene
- causes what diseases?
- lab diagnosis

Astrovirus, TTV, HGV

A

ASTROVIRUS: ssRNA, childhood diarrhea, EM

TTV: DNA, flavivirus
HGV: RNA, circovirus
both are at human blood specimens but have not yet been associated with any disease

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4
Q

enumerate the viruses of family Flaviviridae

what is the most common characteristic and the treatment?

A
  1. Arboviruses
    * yellow fever
    * dengue
    * west nile
    * japanese encephalitis
    * St. louis encephalitis
  2. Hepatitis C virus

characteristic: ssRNA treatment: supportive, interferon

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5
Q

identify the ff: Arbovirus

  • MOT
  • Disease
  • Diagnosis
  • specimen of choice

what is arbovirus?

A
  • MOT: “arthropod” usually MOSQUITO
  • Disease: St. louis, west nile, dengue, yellow fever
  • Diagnosis: serologic (RT-PCR)
  • Specimen: CSF

Arthropod-borne (fam: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae)

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6
Q

identify the ff: HCV

  • MOT
  • Disease
  • Treatment
A

MOT: Parenteral/sexual
Disease: acute/chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma
Treatment: interferon

prevention: screening of blood supply & avoid contact

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7
Q

most prevalent arbovirus in the world and the leading cause of illness and death in tropics and subtropics.

flavi means? main reservoir of this virus?

A

DENGUE

YELLOW | main reservoir: humans

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8
Q

enumerate the vectors of Dengue and their serotypes

enumerate the conditions associated

A

Aedes aegypti & Aedes albopictus
serotypes: DEN-1, 2, 3, 4

Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome

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9
Q

dengue starts at what symptoms?

Dengue fever is often referred to as?

A
  • fever
  • headache
  • chills
  • general myalgia
  • macropapular rash (trunk to the face and extremities)

breakborne fever

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10
Q

dengue

incubation period: ?
blood should be collected during?

what is the common symptom of DHF and DSS

A

IP: 3-5 days | 2-7 days
should be collected during first 3-5 days of illness

DHF: petechiae DSS: severe plasma leakage

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11
Q

Enumerate the viruses of Filoviridae

“filo” means?

A

Ebola and Marburg virus

thread-like (long filamentous structural morphology)

this appears in many forms: 6, U, or circular

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12
Q

identify the ff: EBOLA & MARBURG

  • MOT
  • Disease
  • Diagnosis

important characteristic of their gene

A

MOT: humans from monkeys | human to human via body fluids/respiratory droplets

Disease: Severe hemorrhage & liver necrosis

Diagnosis: EM, cell culture, BSC L4 required

ssRNA

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13
Q

most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses

etiologic agent of the marburg infection?

A

filovirus

African green monkeys

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14
Q

morphology of Marburg’s hemorrhagic fever.

this is endemic in?

what is hemorrhagic fever?

A

shepherd’s hook

endemic in AFRICA

multisystem syndrome | vascular system is damaged

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15
Q

enumerate the vaccines for filovirus and the vacination process

first filovirus was discovered in? but now outbreak in?

A

vaccines:
- AD26-EBOV
- MVA-EBOV

vaccination process: heterologous prime-boost

Marburg Germany: lab workers had HF while preparing POLIO VACCINE

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16
Q

enumerate the subspecies of Ebola

what Ebola subsp that causes disese only in nonhuman primates?

Ebola was named after?

A
  • Zaire
  • Bundibigyo
  • Sudan
  • Reston
  • Thai forest

RESTON ebola virus - nonhuman primates

named after a river in Zaire

17
Q

the transmission of this virus is rapid and the outbreak is due to nosocomial infections

diagnosis of this virus?

A

EBOLA virus

RT-PCR, EM, ELISA, Cell culture (BSC L4 is a must!)

18
Q

identify the ff: RABIES VIRUS

  • family
  • MOT
  • Detection
  • Prevention

2 characteristics

A

family: Rhabdoviridae
MOT: bite/scratch & infected saliva
Detection: Fluorescent Antibody, PCR
Prevention: vaccine for animals, post-exposure prophylaxis, immunization with rabies vaccine (3 doses)

ssRNA & bullet-shaped

19
Q

infects plants, arthropods, fish, and mammals which the virus initially multiply in the musculoskeletal tissue or invade in the peripheral nerves or nerve endings directly.

viral genome progresses centripetally, transneuronally through —

A

RABIES VIRUS
neurotropic virus that infects ALL mammals

retrograte axoplasmal flow to the CNS

20
Q

site of viral replication of rabies?
mainly — and —

clinical presentation of rabies are through?

A

NEURONS
mainly brain & spinal cord

furious and dumb type

21
Q

patient remains in a prolonged state of generalized anesthesia, antiviral drugs, and supportive, life-sustaining care until the individual’s natural active immunity is capable of clearing…

technique used in staining negri bodies

A

Milwawukee protocol

Seller’s technique

22
Q

heightened aggression and agitiation is?
lethargy and paralysis is?

diagnosis for rabies

A

aggression and agitation = furious
lethargy and paralysis = dumb

postmortem exam of brain tissue using a DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENT A.

23
Q

identify the ff: rubella virus

  • family
  • other name of rubella
  • transmitted through?
  • risk
  • detection

charactieristic: gene

A

fam: Togaviridae
GERMAN MEASLES
MOT: nasopharyngeal secretions & congenital
risk: exposure of infection of pregnant
detection: serologic

ssRNA

24
Q

benign disease characterized by fever and rash

intrauterine transfusion may occur during?

A

RUBELLA VIRUS

1st trimester - low birth weight, mental retardation, deafness, etc.

25
# rubella infection that occurs later in pregnancy causes? | fetal infection can be prevented through?
splenomegaly or osteomyelitis | vaccine before pregnancy
26
enumerate the viruses under **paramyxoviridae** | what is the characteristics?
- Measles - Mumps - Parainfluenza virus - Respiratory synctial virus - Metapneumovirus | **ssRNA** and **no segmented genome**
27
# identify the ff: **MEASLES & MUMPS** - MOT - Detection - Treatment | MEASLES: Treatment for immunocompromised patients
MOT: **respiratory secretions/droplets** Detection: **Cell culture PMK, serology** T: **SUPPORTIVE CARE** | **immune serum globulin**
28
# identify the ff: **parainfluenza** - MOT - Disease (adult & children) - Detection - epidemiology
MOT: **respiratory secretions** Disease adult: **upper resp disease & pneumonia** disease children: **croup, bronchitis, pneumonia** epid: **occurs year-round**
29
single or small cluster of lesions. this can be acquuired through? | what is the diagnosis?
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM acquired thru **nonsexual, direct contact, fomites, sexually** | **biopsy, histologic exam, PCR, RFLP, RT-PCR** ## Footnote large lesions on face, neck, scalp, and upper body on immunocompromised patients.
30
transmitted from sheep to human through human direct contact with infected sheep. single nodules usually on the hands painful and accompanied with low grade fever and **lymphnodes swelling** | autoinoculation of the eye - serious consequence
ORF | resolves **4-6 weeks** without further complications
31
# identify the ff: **HPV** - family - characteristic - MOT - disease - diagnosis - oncogenic | site of latency?
fam: **Papovaviridae** characteristics: **>200 dsDNA** MOT: **DC, sexual contact for genital warts** disease: **skin, genital warts, benign head and neck tumors, anogenital warts** diagnosis: **CYTOLOGY & PROBES** oncogenic: **cervical and penile cancer esp type 16 & 18** | **epithelial tissue**
32
more than 30 sexually transmitted genotypes with different cellular tropism resuling in designed variation in the clinical presentation
HPV
33
# classify what HPV plantar warts: warts of the hands: genital warts: adenocarcinoma: cancer of the oropharynx and penile cancer in males:
plantar warts: **HPV1** warts of the hands: **HPV 2 & 4** genital warts: **HPV 6, HPV 11** adenocarcinoma: **HPV18** cancer of the oropharynx and penile cancer in males: **HPV 16**
34
most prevalent sexually transmitted viral disease
HPV

Virology (5 decks)

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