Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM- Principles of Infectious Diseases (mine) > Virulence in Bacteria > Flashcards

Virulence in Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

free living bacteria

A

no importance for animals and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

symbionts

A

living together
obligate symbionts: need host
facultative symbionts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mutualism symbionts

A

both are necessary

positive for both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

commensalism symbionts

A

good for one, no problem for the other

ex. intestinal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

parasitism symbionts

A

one takes advantage of the other

harms the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pathogenic bacteria

A

facultative and obligate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

facultative pathogenic

A

endogenic infection

exogenic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endogenic infection

A

from inside

bacteria is inside and due to certain circumstances (stress) you get disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

exogenic infection

A

disease comes from outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

balanced pathogenicity

A

damage with recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

unbalanced pathogenicity

A

high damage/death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

infection

A

invasion and multiplication of micro-organism

eventually with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

disease

A 
structural and functional damage
clinical/subclinical
opportunistic
septicaemiae/bacteraemia
hyperacute/acte/subacute/chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical disease

A

we see it and make diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

subclinical disease

A

cant really see it

Ex. mastitis cow produces less milk but still looks happy and healthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cause disease

A

must adhere to something inside body
invasion- cause damage
toxin release- produced by bacteria and makes you sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Flagella

A 
not in all bacteria
motility
H-antigens
mainly in gram neg bacteria 
composed of flagellin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

E. coli O157:H7

A

food borne pathogen
hemorrhagic
can have toxins and cause kidney damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pili, fimbria & fibrillae

A

all the same
main role is adhesion
F-antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

special pili

A 
sex pili
bacteria conjugation (plasmid transfer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extracellular invasion

A

thromboses, local use of oxygen/nutrients (parasitic)

immunological reaction: oxygen radicals/enzymes by macrophages and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Facultative intracellular invasion

A

cell lysis

23
Q

obligate intracellular invasion

A

cell lysis

24
Q

virulence factors involved in invasion

A

capsule
proteins that circumvent innate immunity
iron uptake
production of extracellular enzymes

25
Q

extracellular enzymes

A 
hyaluronidases
collagenases
fibrinolysins
coagulases
hemolysins
leucocidins
26
Q

capsule

A 
not in all bacteria
polysaccharides-proteins
virulence factor
enviromental protection
capsular antigens (k-antigens)
27
Q

virulence factor

A

colonization
invasion
adhesion
protection against: phagocytosis, complement

28
Q

Exotoxins

A

2 methods of injection
1- exports the toxin, not delivered directly into cell
2- injects toxin into cell, contact with cell

29
Q

Type 1 Exotoxins

A

bind receptor
disturbance of cell metabolism
ex. sta of ETEC, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococci and Streptococci

30
Q

Type 2 exotoxins

A

cell wall damage
Staphylococcus aureus: alfa-toxin (hemolysis)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: Apx Toxins (pore forming)

31
Q

Type 3 exotoxins

A

intracellular toxins
A component: goes IC
B (binding) component: binds membrane
ex. heat labile toxin (LT) of ETEC, shiga toxin (ST) of VTEC, EHEC, Botulism toxin, tetanospasmin

32
Q

Gram negative Endotoxins

A 
cell wall components
lots of damage
immune reaction limited
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) heat stable
causes: fever, general sickness, tissue damage, cardiovascular shock, death
33
Q

Function of LPS

A

protection against: toxic products, complement
Acts as endotoxin: infection with a gram negative bacterium
could be around cell wall to create barrier that toxin cant pass

34
Q

Gram positive toxins cell wall

A 
lipoteichoic acid (LTA)
lipoarabinomannan (Mycobacteria) (LAM)
pepitdoglycan
less toxic, less frequent
causes: general sickness, fever, tissue damage, cardiovascular shock, death
35
Q

Secretion systems

A

Type 1-7
membrane vesicles
porin
injection system (needle like)

36
Q

Membrane vesicles

A 
tries to get products out of cell
not only for toxins but also metabolites
lipid membrane- part of outer membrane
outer membrane will bubble and leave
contain: enzymes, exotoxins, DNA (transformation), signal molecules
37
Q

Membrane vesicles role

A 
pathogenesis
signaling (quorum sensing)
excretion of toxic products
killing of competitors
immunomodulation
excretion of bacterial toxic products
transformation
38
Q

Biofilms

A

very dormant, metabolically not active
composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA)
bacterial persistence (endocarditis)-protection
reduction of host immunity
local damage
reduced susceptibility to antibiotics
on different surfaces: catheters, pipelines, dog bowls
cant treat the bacteria in the biofilm

39
Q

Lipoproteins-porins

A

role:
pathogenesis- adhesions, iron uptake
physiological role

40
Q

Iron uptake

A 
by cell wall protiens
first line of defense
no free iron in body
intracellular:
epithelial cells: ferritin
erythrocytes: hemoglobin
muscular cells: myoglobin
serum: transferrin
mucosae: lactoferrin
infection: neutrophils-lactoferrin
41
Q

intracellular- epithelial cells

A

ferritin

42
Q

intracellular- erythrocytes

A

hemoglobin

43
Q

intracellular- muscular cells

A

myoglobin

44
Q

serum

A

transferrin

45
Q

mucosae

A

lactoferrin

46
Q

infection

A

neutrophils

47
Q

Circumvent Iron restriction

A

alternative for iron:
manganese in Borrelia burgdorferi
expression of iron uptake system under iron restrictive conditions
siderophore receptor (neonatal E. Coli septicaemiae)
Transferrine/lactoferrine receptor
Hemoglobine receptor

48
Q

no complement activation

A 
sialic acid (e. coli) on the surface
enzymes that degrade the complement system
49
Q

no lysis of bacterium

A

LPs

capsule

50
Q

membrane vesicles

A

inhibition of the complement mediated inflammation

expel complement factors

51
Q

intracellular multiplication

A

bacteria are hiding in intracellular niche

52
Q

Mechanism of innate immunity

A

phagocytes: macrophages, neutrophils

NK cells

53
Q

Factors against phagocytes

A

extracellular bacteria: capsule, metabolites-exotoxins
biofil
faculatative intracellular

RUSVM- Principles of Infectious Diseases (mine) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions