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RUSVM- Principles of Infectious Diseases (mine) > Bacteriology Overview > Flashcards

Bacteriology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Four things in common with Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes (different types)

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2
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

no nucleus and no membrane encolosed organelles.

tend to be smaller and more simplistic

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3
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

have a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

tend to be larger and more complex

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

jelly like aqueous solution contains three main groups of molecules: macromolecules, small molecules and inorganic ions
facilitate chemical reactions and dissolve soltes
contains nucleoid and ribosomes

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5
Q

macromolecules

A

proteins (enzymes), nRNA and tRNA

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6
Q

small molecules

A

energy sources, precursors of macromolecules, metabolites or vitamins

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7
Q

inorganic ions

A

required for enzymatic activity (co-factors)

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8
Q

Nucleoid

A

nucleus- like structure contains: DNA, proteins, RNA

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9
Q

Bacterial Chromosomal DNA

A

large circular macromolecule
loop formation caused by nucleoid- associated protiens (NAPs) bound to DNA
DNA supercoiling is mediated by enzymes: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase I

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10
Q

Protein in nucleoid include:

A

proteins involved in DNA compaction

Transcription factors that regulate expression of bacterial genome

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11
Q

Messenger RNA

A

mRNA encodes for proteins

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12
Q

Non coding RNA

A

ncRNA is involved in DNA organization and expression of bacterial genome

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13
Q

1 base pair

A

1 bp is one pair of nucleotide bases that connect the complementary strands of DNA

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14
Q

Plasmid

A

circular molecule of DNA that replicates separately from chromosome- not part of nucleoid
not essential under normal conditions
has a defind copy number

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15
Q

Virulence factors

A

genes associated with causing disease

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16
Q

resistance genes

A

survive in presence of antibiotics and other toxic compounds

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17
Q

conjugation

A

process that transfers plasmids cell to cell

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18
Q

Bacterial Envelope contains

A 
cytoplasmic membrane
cell wall (peptidoglycan layer)
periplasmic space
outer membrane (gram negative bacteria)
capsule (some bacteria)
envelope associated: pili/fimbriae, flagella, secretion systems
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19
Q

Bacterial Envelope Functions

A 
protects cell from environment or host
packages internal components
provides structural rigidity
produces energy
facilitates uptake of nutrients and efflux of toxic substances
20
Q

Gram Positive

A

stains purple
cytoplasmic membrane
thick layer of peptidoglycan
teichoic acids attached to peptidoglycan

21
Q

Gram Negative

A

stains pink
outer and cytoplasmic membranes
thin layer of peptidoglycan in the periplasmic space
lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane (LPS or endotoxins)

22
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane

A

composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins

innermost membrane next to cytoplasm

23
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

each phospholid molecule has a head and two heads
head is hydrophilic
tails are hydrophobic
hydrophobic compounds can enter by passive diffusion

24
Q

transport proteins

A

enable specific transport of molecules into cell and export molecules out of cytoplasm

25
Q

energy generation and electron transport chain

A

components required for the synthesis of adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) by ATP synthase protein

26
Q

Selective permeability barrier

A

transport proteins mediate passage of hydrophilic substances into and out of cell

27
Q

Cell wall: peptidoglycan layer

A

cell wall is a mesh like essential structure
protects cell from osmotic lysis
provides mechanical protection

28
Q

selective permeability barrier

A

prevents passive diffusion of hydrophobic or large compounds

29
Q

Protective Barrier

A

common to gram negative bacteria
selective permeability barrier
provides resistance to toxic compounds
provides tolerance to detergents and bile salts

30
Q

Structure of Protective Barrier

A

asymmetrical lipid bilayer
porin proteins
transporter proteins

31
Q

Asymmetrical lipid bilayer

A

outer leaflet mainly composed of lipopolysaccharide

prevents dissusion of hydrophobic compounds

32
Q

porin proteins

A

allow small hydrophilic molecules to passively enter cell

33
Q

transporter proteins

A

enable specific transport of important, larger nutrients into the cell

34
Q

Capsule importance

A

help bacteria envade immune system
aids in attachment to some surfaces
increased tolerance to antimicrobial agents

35
Q

Capsule Structure and appearance

A

polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall (gram positive) or outer membrane (gram negative)
bacterial colonies have mucoid apperance

36
Q

Surface components importance

A

mediates contact with the surrounding enviroment

important for attachment to surface, movement and interactions with other bacteria

37
Q

flagella

A

important for motility

long filamentous protein structures

38
Q

pili/fimbriae

A

adherence to srufaces or bacterial interaction (biofilm)

shorter and more stiff than flagella

39
Q

sex pilus

A

involved bacterial conjugation (transfer of plasmids)

40
Q

secretion systems

A

release of proteins into environment or host

typically related to virulence or bacterial communication

41
Q

Endospores

A

dormant bacteria that can survive adverse conditions for long periods of time
can revert to active state in hose and cause disease by multiplying
gram positive form spores more often

42
Q

Spore forming bacillus

A

B. anthracis (anthrax)

P (Bacillus) larvae (american foulbrood)

43
Q

Spore forming Clostridium

A

C. perfringens and C. difficile (enterotoxaemia)
C. tentani (tetanus)
C. botulinum (botulism)

44
Q

obligate aerobes

A

require oxygen to survive

45
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

dont need oxygen to survive

46
Q

faculatative anaerobes

A

can grow with or without air

better growth in aerobic conditions

47
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes

A

grow equally well with and without oxygen

RUSVM- Principles of Infectious Diseases (mine) (4 decks)

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