Introduction, Basic Definitions

Question 1

Principles of health and disease

Answer 1

fragile equilibrium between host and pathogen

Question 2

principles of defense against disease

Answer 2

immunology

Question 3

Infectious disease by:

Answer 3

bacteria, viruses, parasites

Question 4

epidemiology

Answer 4

how micro-organisms spread

Question 5

Micro-organisms

Answer 5

are everywhere: on you, in you, next to you, far away

are part of life and the whole ecosystem

Question 6

extremophiles

Answer 6

live in extreme conditions

Question 7

Free living bacteria

Answer 7

no importance for animals and disease

part of the ecosystem

Question 8

Obligate Symbionts

Answer 8

need host to live together

ex. chlamydia

Question 9

Facultative Symbionts

Answer 9

can go into another ecosystem but have to go with another organism sometimes

Question 10

Non pathogenic

Answer 10

not doing any harm to you in normal conditions

Question 11

Facultative pathogenic

Answer 11

under certain conditions can give you disease (stress)
endogenic infections
exogenic infection

Question 12

Endogenic infections

Answer 12

under certain conditions could get infected

could be on skin but don’t get infected

Question 13

Exogenic Infection

Answer 13

comes from outside

bacteria you get from another animal or person

Question 14

Obligate pathogenic

Answer 14

always causing disease or infection

Question 15

Balanced pathogenicity

Answer 15

damage with recovery

majority!

Question 16

Unbalanced pathogenicity

Answer 16

high damage/death

ex. liver damage that cant come back leads to death

Question 17

Infection

Answer 17

invasion and multiplication of micro-organism
eventually with disease
goes into body of animal and starts to replicate

Question 18

Disease

Answer 18

structural and functional damage

Question 19

subclinical disease

Answer 19

lousy day, dont fele well but not really sick

ex. subclinical mastitis- see reduction in milk production but dont see infection of udder

Question 20

Opportunistic disease

Answer 20

precondition before the disease is showing
could be caused by viral infection- virus makes the damage but bacteria sneaks in
ex. need surgery to get infected or irritation

Question 21

Septicaemiae

Answer 21

goes into blood stream

Question 22

bacteraemia

Answer 22

bacteria in blood, infections in white blood cells

Question 23

Hyperacute

Answer 23

farmer goes to bed and the next day finds all animals sick or dead

Question 24

Acute

Answer 24

see animal and can tell its not feeling well
next day notice hes sicker
evolves quickly

Question 25

Subacute

Answer 25

little bit slower, animal gradually gets worse
takes a couple of weeks
the longer you wait the harder it is to treat

Question 26

chronic

Answer 26

hard to cure, bacteria hide somewhere

ex. tuberculosis

Question 27

Disease causing micro organisms

Answer 27

minority
our innate immunity can handle to a certain extent
have a certain amout in system without showing disease (facultative pathogen)

Question 28

Escherichia Coli

Answer 28

facultative pathogen
carried in the intestines of older pigs and in poultry
when stressed, immunity lowers causing other diseases

Question 29

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 29

facultative pathogen
in humans 1/3 permanent colonized, 1/3 intermittent colonized, 1/3 never colonized
diseases: mastitis, skin infection, septicaemiae

Question 30

Three Kingdom Classification

Answer 30

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 31

Procaryota

Answer 31

Bacteria, Archaea

Question 32

Mycology

Answer 32

Chromista, Fungi

Question 33

Bacteria

Answer 33

less than 5 micrometers
no membrane bound organelles (instead invaginations of plasma membrane)
70 ribosomes
single molecule- circular nucleic acid
nuclear membrane is absent
replication by binary fission (more mutations happen)

Question 34

Eukaryotes

Answer 34

greater than 10 micrometers
membrane bound organelles present
80S ribosomes
nucleic acid in chromosomes
nuclear membrane is present
replication by mitosis

Question 35

Antibiotic Target

Answer 35

70 ribosomes- bacteria

80S ribosomes- Eukaryotes

Question 36

Morphology- special forms

Answer 36

gram negative
ex. spirochetes: leptospira
gram positive
ex. actinomycetes, mycoplasma

Question 37

Bacterial Names

Answer 37

Genus: capital and italic
Species: italic
Subspecies: italic
Serovar or other: not italic, capital