Virulence Factors Flashcards
Key virulence factors of Staph aureus and their role?
Coagulase forms clots, Protein A binds IgG and disrupts complement pathway, Capsule, Endotoxin properties of the cell wall can lead to sepsis, enzymes and toxins can cause skin damage, 2 superantigens
What are the staph aureus superantigens?
heat-resistant enterotoxin causes food poisoning and TSST causes toxic shock syndrome
Key virulence factor of staph epi?
Biofilm
Antibiotic resistance of Staph?
Staph aureus and Staph epi both produce beta-lactamases and are sometimes resistant to PenG and methicillin because of an additionally altered PBP
Key virulence factors of Strep pyogenes?
M protein serves as a pilus associated with rheumatic fever, hyaluronidase promotes cellulitis, streptokinase dissolves clots, DNase, many toxins & hemolysins
Virulence factor toxins associated with Strep pyogenes?
Erythrogenic toxin (scarlet fever rash), streptolysis O, streptolysis S, exotoxin A (TSS), exotoxin B ( protease causing necrotizing fasciitis)
Key virulence factor of Strep agalactiae?
polysaccharide capsule
Key virulence factors of Viridans strep?
biofilm production in endocarditis
What is the source of vancomycin resistance for multiple bacteria?
enterococci
Key virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?
Two A-B exotoxins that share a common B subunit: Edema factor (an adenylate cyclase that spurs fluid secretion) and Lethal factor (a protease that inhibits cell growth)
Key virulence factors of Bacillus cereus?
Two enterotoxins (one similar to cholera toxin and one similar to staph enterotoxin)
Key virulence factors associated with Clostridium perfringenes?
Alpha toxin (exotoxin) that is a lecinthinase that damages cell membranes and enterotoxin releases by spores germinating during cooking
Key virulence factors of Clostridium difficile?
Exotoxin A and B that lead to actin depolymerization and death
Key virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheria?
A-B exotoxin produced from a lysogenic phage ADP-ribosylates EF-2 inhibiting translation
Key virulence factor of neisseria?
Lipid A endotoxin of LOS (NOT LPS)
Key virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?
polysaccharide capsule, lipid A endotoxin
Key virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrheae?
pili for attachment and IgA protease
Key virulence factor for E. coli causing UTI?
P-type pilus allowing adherence to upper urinary tract epithelium
Key virulence factor for E. coli causing neonatal meningitis?
K1 capsule and LPS
Key virulence factor for E. coli causing sepsis?
capsule and LPS
Key virulence factor of E. coli causing ETEC?
2 exotoxins (1 being an AB toxin similar to cholera toxin) that causes watery diarrhea
Key virulence factor of E. coli causing EHEC?
shiga toxin (an AB exotoxin inhibiting protein synthesis) that causes bloody diarrhea and type III secretion system
Key virulence factor of Salmonella enteriditis and salmonella typhimurium??
type III secretion system and ability to kill macrophages
Key virulence factor of salmonella typhi?
Vi antigen that inhibits phagocytosis by neutrophils and the ability to replicate in macrophages (inhibition of phago-lysosome fusion)
