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Micro > Virulence Factors > Flashcards

Virulence Factors Flashcards

1
Q

Key virulence factors of Staph aureus and their role?

A

Coagulase forms clots, Protein A binds IgG and disrupts complement pathway, Capsule, Endotoxin properties of the cell wall can lead to sepsis, enzymes and toxins can cause skin damage, 2 superantigens

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2
Q

What are the staph aureus superantigens?

A

heat-resistant enterotoxin causes food poisoning and TSST causes toxic shock syndrome

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3
Q

Key virulence factor of staph epi?

A

Biofilm

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4
Q

Antibiotic resistance of Staph?

A

Staph aureus and Staph epi both produce beta-lactamases and are sometimes resistant to PenG and methicillin because of an additionally altered PBP

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5
Q

Key virulence factors of Strep pyogenes?

A

M protein serves as a pilus associated with rheumatic fever, hyaluronidase promotes cellulitis, streptokinase dissolves clots, DNase, many toxins & hemolysins

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6
Q

Virulence factor toxins associated with Strep pyogenes?

A

Erythrogenic toxin (scarlet fever rash), streptolysis O, streptolysis S, exotoxin A (TSS), exotoxin B ( protease causing necrotizing fasciitis)

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7
Q

Key virulence factor of Strep agalactiae?

A

polysaccharide capsule

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8
Q

Key virulence factors of Viridans strep?

A

biofilm production in endocarditis

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9
Q

What is the source of vancomycin resistance for multiple bacteria?

A

enterococci

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10
Q

Key virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?

A

Two A-B exotoxins that share a common B subunit: Edema factor (an adenylate cyclase that spurs fluid secretion) and Lethal factor (a protease that inhibits cell growth)

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11
Q

Key virulence factors of Bacillus cereus?

A

Two enterotoxins (one similar to cholera toxin and one similar to staph enterotoxin)

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12
Q

Key virulence factors associated with Clostridium perfringenes?

A

Alpha toxin (exotoxin) that is a lecinthinase that damages cell membranes and enterotoxin releases by spores germinating during cooking

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13
Q

Key virulence factors of Clostridium difficile?

A

Exotoxin A and B that lead to actin depolymerization and death

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14
Q

Key virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheria?

A

A-B exotoxin produced from a lysogenic phage ADP-ribosylates EF-2 inhibiting translation

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15
Q

Key virulence factor of neisseria?

A

Lipid A endotoxin of LOS (NOT LPS)

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16
Q

Key virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

polysaccharide capsule, lipid A endotoxin

17
Q

Key virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrheae?

A

pili for attachment and IgA protease

18
Q

Key virulence factor for E. coli causing UTI?

A

P-type pilus allowing adherence to upper urinary tract epithelium

19
Q

Key virulence factor for E. coli causing neonatal meningitis?

A

K1 capsule and LPS

20
Q

Key virulence factor for E. coli causing sepsis?

A

capsule and LPS

21
Q

Key virulence factor of E. coli causing ETEC?

A

2 exotoxins (1 being an AB toxin similar to cholera toxin) that causes watery diarrhea

22
Q

Key virulence factor of E. coli causing EHEC?

A

shiga toxin (an AB exotoxin inhibiting protein synthesis) that causes bloody diarrhea and type III secretion system

23
Q

Key virulence factor of Salmonella enteriditis and salmonella typhimurium??

A

type III secretion system and ability to kill macrophages

24
Q

Key virulence factor of salmonella typhi?

A

Vi antigen that inhibits phagocytosis by neutrophils and the ability to replicate in macrophages (inhibition of phago-lysosome fusion)

25
Q

Key virulence factor of shigella?

A

shiga toxin

26
Q

Virulence factors of vibrio cholera?

A

cholera toxin (AB toxin that ADP-ribosylates G proteins leading to release of electrolytes and water from enterocytes) and a pilus co-regulated with toxin production

27
Q

Key virulence factors of helicobacter pylori?

A

urease cleaves urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide to reduce acid in stomach and two toxins introduced into cells via type III secretion system

28
Q

Key virulence factor of bacteroides?

A

polysaccharide capsule and tissue-destroying enzymes (collagenase and lipases)

29
Q

Key virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

LPS endotoxin, elastase and protease degradative enzymes, exotoxin A (AB toxin causing tissue necrosis), pyocyanin to damage lung cilia, type III secretion system

30
Q

Key virulence factor of klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

thick polysaccharide capsule producing “goopy” colonies on agar plate

31
Q

Virulence factor in haemophilus influenzae-caused meningitis?

A

Type B capsule

32
Q

Virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

A

pertussis toxin (AB toxin similar to cholera toxin) and cytotoxin that kills cilia in lung

33
Q

Main virulence factor of legionella pneumophila?

A

LPS

Micro (4 decks)

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