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Micro > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Leading cause of meningitis in 2-18 year olds and can also cause a meningococcemia (sepsis + meningitis)

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2
Q

Route of infection of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

respiratory route

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3
Q

Who is most susceptible to Neisseria meningitidis?

A

military personnel and dorm residents (those living in close quarters)

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4
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

polysaccharide capsule, endotoxin (Lipid A)

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5
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrheae?

A

gonorrhea-purulent urethritis or cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, frequently occurs simultaneously w chlamydia

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6
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrheae?

A

Pili, IgA protease

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7
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Moraxella catarrhalis?

A

sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia

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8
Q

Neisseria species and Moraxella catarrhalis are what category of bacteria?

A

Gram negative cocci

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9
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Escherichia coli?

A

UTIs (top cause), neonatal meningitis, sepsis, diarrheal disease (traveler’s diarrhea=ETEC and enterohemorrhagic diarrhea=EHEC)

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10
Q

E coli virulence factors?

A

UTIs: P-type pilus allows adherence to upper urinary tract epithelium
Neonatal meningitis: K1 capsule, LPS
Sepsis: capsule, LPS
Diarrhea: exotoxins, shiga toxin, type III secretion system

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11
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Salmonella Enteriditis and Salmonella typhimurium?

A

enterocolitis from consumption of contaminated food; Top cause of food poisoning

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12
Q

Virulence factors of Salmonella enteriditis and salmonella typhimurium?

A

type III secretion system and the ability to kill macrophages

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13
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Salmonella typhi?

A

typhoid (enteric) fever; death can occur by hemorrhage at ruptured Peyer’s patches

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14
Q

Salmonella typhi virulence factors?

A

Vi antigen that inhibits phagocytosis by neutrophils and the ability to replicate in macrophages

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15
Q

What is typhoid fever associated with?

A

wars & poverty

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16
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Shigella (Shigella sonnei= most common in US, Shigella dysenteriae=more severe)

A

bloody diarrhea (dysentery)

17
Q

Virulence factor of Shigella?

A

Shiga toxin

18
Q

What is the most common bacterial GI infection in developed countries?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

19
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Campylobacter jejuni?

A

watery diarrhea that progresses to inflammatory/bloody diarrhea

20
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Vibrio cholera?

A

Cholera: most prolific watery diarrhea (“rice water stool”) from fecal contamination of water and food

21
Q

Virulence factors of Vibrio cholera?

A

cholera toxin, pilus

22
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

watery diarrhea from consumption of fecal-contaminated shellfish

23
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori?

A

GI ulcers; chronic ulcers can lead to MALT B-cell tumors

24
Q

Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori?

A

urease, 2 toxins introduced into cells via a type III secretion system

25
Q

Prominent diseases caused by bacteroides?

A

intra-abdominal abscesses when they escape the GI tract due to surgery or trauma

26
Q

Virulence factor of bacteroides?

A

polysaccharide capsule and tissue-destroying enzymes (collagenases, lipases)

27
Q

Prominent diseases caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

skin infection of burn patients, pulmonary infection of cystic fibrosis patients, nosocomial pneumonia associated with ventilators, sepsis

28
Q

Virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

LPS endotoxin, numerous degradative enzymes (proteases and elastases), exotoxin A, pyocyanin (blue enzyme damaging lung cilia), Type III secretion system

29
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

Nosocomial pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia

30
Q

Virulence factor of Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

thick polysaccharide capsule

31
Q

What causes acute diarrhea vs chronic diarrhea?

A

90% of acute diarrheas are caused by viruses and chronic diarrhea is likely a parasite infection

32
Q

Prominent diseases caused by haemophilus influenzae?

A

meningitis, otitis media and sinusitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia in elderly

33
Q

Virulence factor of haemophilus influenzae?

A

type b capsule

34
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Bordetella pertussis?

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

35
Q

Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis?

A

pertussis toxin, cytotoxin (kills cilia in lung)

36
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Legionella pneumophilia?

A

community- and hospital-acquired atypical pneumonia

37
Q

Virulence factor of Legionella pneumophilia?

A

LPS

Micro (4 decks)

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