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Micro > Gram Positive Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Staph aureus?

A

abscesses: impetigo, wound infections, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia
toxigenic: food poisoning, TSS, scalded skin syndrome

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2
Q

Staph aureus virulence factors?

A

Coagulase, Protein A, capsule (some strains), cell wall has endotoxin properties, numerous enzymes and toxins cause skin damage, superantigens (heat resistant enterotoxin and TSST)

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3
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Staph epidermidis?

A

pyogenic infection of in-dwelling catheters and prostheses; almost always hospital-acquired

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4
Q

Staph epidermidis virulence factors?

A

Biofilm production

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5
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Staph saprophyticus?

A

UTIs

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6
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Strep pyogenes?

A

pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, TSS, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Strep pyogenes virulence factors?

A

M protein (serves as a pilus), inflammation-related enzymes (hyaluronidase, streptokinase, DNase), toxins & hemolysins (erythrogenic toxin, streptolysin O, streptolysin S, exotoxin A, exotoxin B)

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8
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Strep agalactiae?

A

neonatal sepsis and meningitis

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9
Q

Strep agalactiae virulence factors?

A

Polysaccharide capsule

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10
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A

lobar pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media

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11
Q

Strep pneumoniae virulence factors?

A

Polysaccharide capsule

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12
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Viridans streptococci?

A

pyogenic endocarditis following dental procedures, dental caries

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13
Q

Viridans streptococci virulence factors?

A

Biofilm production in endocarditis

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14
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Enterococci?

A

pyogenic UTIs and pyogenic endocarditis

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15
Q

Bacillus anthracis virulence factors?

A

2 A-B exotoxins that share a common B subunit: edema factor (an adenylate cyclase that spurs fluid secretion) and lethal factor (a protease that inhibits cell growth)

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16
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Bacillus cereus?

A

food poisoning as a result of spore germination upon heating contaminated food (esp rice)

17
Q

Bacillus cereus virulence factors?

A

Two exotoxins

18
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens?

A

gas gangrene and food poisoning

19
Q

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors?

A

Alpha toxin (exotoxin) that damages cell membranes

20
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Clostridium difficile?

A

Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea)

21
Q

Clostridium difficile virulence factors?

A

Exotoxin A and B which lead to depolymerization of actin and cell death

22
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Clostridium tetani?

A

tetanus/spastic paralysis caused by soil spores entering a wound

23
Q

Virulence factors of Clostridium tetani?

A

Tetanus toxin is an A-B exotoxin that cleaves Snares and prevents release of GABA

24
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Clostridium botulinum?

A

flaccid paralysis caused by consumption of botulism toxin

25
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria?

A

diphtheria (severe pharyngitis)

26
Q

Prominent diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

A

watery diarrhea caused by consumption of unpasteurized cheese or deli meats; sepsis or meningitis in newborns from infected mother

27
Q

What are the 2 most medically important genera?

A

Staphylococci (grape-like clusters) and Streptococci (chains)

28
Q

Are staph and strep catalase negative or catalase positive?

A 
Staph= catalase +
Strep= catalase -
29
Q

What is the most clinically important Staph species?

A

Staph aureus

30
Q

What are the normal flora of the colon?

A

enterococci

31
Q

What is the source of vancomycin resistance for multiple bacteria?

A

enterococci

32
Q

How are bacillus and clostridium categorized?

A

spore-forming gram + rods

33
Q

How are corynebacterium diphtheria and Listeria monocytogenes categorized?

A

non-spore-forming gram + rods

Micro (4 decks)

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