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Micro Lecture Unit 3 > Virulence Chart Flashcards > Flashcards

Virulence Chart Flashcards

1
Q

Invasins

A

enable bacterial entry into the cell by phagocytosis

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

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2
Q

Adhesins

A

enable them to bind to specific receptor molecules on the surface of host
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

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3
Q

Enterotoxin

A

acts on the intestinal wall (causes GI upset); “Food poisoning”
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus

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4
Q

Endotoxin

A

Pieces of the bacterium which are toxic to humans Two types: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): a protein in the cell wall of many Gram negative organisms and Lipid A: A portion of the lipopolysaccharide which is also antigenetic
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Gram negative only

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5
Q

Exotoxin

A

produced by a bacterium and then released from the cell. Example is hemolysin
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

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6
Q

Neurotoxin

A

Disrupts nerve cells

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7
Q

Anthrax toxin

A

Shock and death

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT)

A

Spastic paralysis and death

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Clostridium

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9
Q

Botulism toxin

A

Paralysis and death

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Clostridium

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10
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Toxin

A

Causes toxic shock

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

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11
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

Pseudomembrane grows over trachea, blocks airway

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Coryneobacterium

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12
Q

H Ag

A

Flagella; helps spread the disease

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Bacillus cereus

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13
Q

K Ag

A

Capsule; helps protect against phagocytosis

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes, Strep pneumoniae

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14
Q

O Ag

A

LPS sugars; part of the bacterial cell wall, triggers immune response
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Gram negative only

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15
Q

Endospores

A

Allow survival in dry conditions

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Bacillus cereus

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16
Q

Angiotropic

A

Causes blood vessels to grow towards it to feed it

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

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17
Q

Beta lactamase

A

Breaks down penicillin and other β -lactam antimicrobial drugs
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus

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18
Q

MDR plasmids

A

genes that provide resistance to antibiotics

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

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19
Q

Facultative

A

capable of survival even in phagocytes that exert oxidative / non-oxidative mechanisms
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

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20
Q

Ribosylase

A

modifies host’s proteins, causing massive fluid secretion from the lining of the lumen (small intestine, trachea). Seen in cholera toxin, diphtheria toxin, and pertussis toxin.
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Coryneobacterium

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21
Q

Slime layer

A

Inhibit chemotaxis of and phagocytosis by leukocytes, Facilitates attachment of Staphylococcus to artificial surface
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

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22
Q

Biofilm

A

Adherence to prosthetic devices

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph Epidermidis

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23
Q

Protein A

A

interferes with humoral immune responses by binding Fc region of IgG antibodies; Inhibits the complement cascade (part of immune response which pops the bacterial cell membrane)
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

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24
Q

Protein M

A

interferes with opsonization and lysis

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

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25
Q

Catalase

A

Deactivates hydrogen peroxide in WBC lysosomes

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

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26
Q

Coagulase

A

prevents blood coagulation so organism can spread

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

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27
Q

IgA or IgG Protease

A

avoids agglutination by antibodies

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

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28
Q

Prostaglandins

A 
causes fever (pyrogenic) and inflammation
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms
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29
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

dissolves fluid between cells so bacteria can spread faster between tissue planes
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

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30
Q

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A

enzyme that deactivates bleach and other contents of lysosomes.
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

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31
Q

Staphylokinase/Fibrinolysin

A

digests clots so bacteria can spread

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

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32
Q

Streptokinase

A

digests clots so bacteria can spread

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

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33
Q

Streptolysin

A

Ruptures blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

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34
Q

Pyrogenic toxins

A

stimulate macrophages and helper T cells to release cytokines
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

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35
Q

Lipase

A

Digest lipids, allowing it to grow on the skin’s surface

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36
Q

DNAse

A

reduces viscosity in abscesses

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

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37
Q

Alpha hemolysis

A

Partially breaks down red blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumonia

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38
Q

Beta hymolysis

A

Completely breaks down red blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes, Strep agalactia

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39
Q

Gamma hemolysis

A

Does not break down red blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Enterococcus

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40
Q

Quorum sensing

A

Ability to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population.
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph Epidermidis

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41
Q

Pneumolysin

A

Destroys lung tissue

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

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42
Q

Phosphorylcholine

A

stimulates cells to phagocytize the bacteria

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

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43
Q

Furuncle

A

A boil

Organism: Staph aureus

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44
Q

Carbuncle

A

A mass of boils

Organism: Staph aureus

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45
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Exfolative Toxin

Organism: Staph aureus

46
Q

Cellulits

A

Bacteria spreading between soft tissues

Organism: Staph aureus

47
Q

Necrotizing fascitis

A

destroys muscle and fat tissue

Organism: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

48
Q

Toxic shock

A

Bacteremia (bacteria in blood) and multisystem failure

Organism: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

49
Q

Enterointoxication

A

GI upset, NVD

Organism: Staph aureus

50
Q

Pneumonia

A

Fluid in lungs from destruction of tissues there

Organism: Staph aureus

51
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone infection

Organism: Staph aureus

52
Q

Renal abcess

A

Pus lesion in kidneys

Organism: Staph aureus

53
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection inside heart lining and valves

Organism: Staph aureus

54
Q

Septic embolism

A

A mass of infectious cells traveling in blood, may cause clot
Organism: Staph aureus

55
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus; often occurs in hospitals
Organism: Staph aureus

56
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

inflammation that leads to damage of heart valves

Organism: Staph aureus & strep pyogenes

57
Q

Invasins

A

enable bacterial entry into the cell by phagocytosis

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

58
Q

Adhesins

A

enable them to bind to specific receptor molecules on the surface of host
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

59
Q

Enterotoxin

A

acts on the intestinal wall (causes GI upset); “Food poisoning”
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus

60
Q

Endotoxin

A

Pieces of the bacterium which are toxic to humans Two types: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): a protein in the cell wall of many Gram negative organisms and Lipid A: A portion of the lipopolysaccharide which is also antigenetic
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Gram negative only

61
Q

Exotoxin

A

produced by a bacterium and then released from the cell. Example is hemolysin
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

62
Q

Neurotoxin

A

Disrupts nerve cells

63
Q

Anthrax toxin

A

Shock and death

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Bacillus anthracis

64
Q

Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT)

A

Spastic paralysis and death

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Clostridium

65
Q

Botulism toxin

A

Paralysis and death

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Clostridium

66
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Toxin

A

Causes toxic shock

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

67
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

Pseudomembrane grows over trachea, blocks airway

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Coryneobacterium

68
Q

H Ag

A

Flagella; helps spread the disease

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Bacillus cereus

69
Q

K Ag

A

Capsule; helps protect against phagocytosis

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes, Strep pneumoniae

70
Q

O Ag

A

LPS sugars; part of the bacterial cell wall, triggers immune response
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Gram negative only

71
Q

Endospores

A

Allow survival in dry conditions

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Bacillus cereus

72
Q

Angiotropic

A

Causes blood vessels to grow towards it to feed it

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

73
Q

Beta lactamase

A

Breaks down penicillin and other β -lactam antimicrobial drugs
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus

74
Q

MDR plasmids

A

genes that provide resistance to antibiotics

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

75
Q

Facultative

A

capable of survival even in phagocytes that exert oxidative / non-oxidative mechanisms
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

76
Q

Ribosylase

A

modifies host’s proteins, causing massive fluid secretion from the lining of the lumen (small intestine, trachea). Seen in cholera toxin, diphtheria toxin, and pertussis toxin.
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Coryneobacterium

77
Q

Slime layer

A

Inhibit chemotaxis of and phagocytosis by leukocytes, Facilitates attachment of Staphylococcus to artificial surface
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

78
Q

Biofilm

A

Adherence to prosthetic devices

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph Epidermidis

79
Q

Protein A

A

interferes with humoral immune responses by binding Fc region of IgG antibodies; Inhibits the complement cascade (part of immune response which pops the bacterial cell membrane)
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

80
Q

Protein M

A

interferes with opsonization and lysis

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

81
Q

Catalase

A

Deactivates hydrogen peroxide in WBC lysosomes

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms

82
Q

Coagulase

A

prevents blood coagulation so organism can spread

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

83
Q

IgA or IgG Protease

A

avoids agglutination by antibodies

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

84
Q

Prostaglandins

A 
causes fever (pyrogenic) and inflammation
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Many organisms
85
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

dissolves fluid between cells so bacteria can spread faster between tissue planes
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

86
Q

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A

enzyme that deactivates bleach and other contents of lysosomes.
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

87
Q

Staphylokinase/Fibrinolysin

A

digests clots so bacteria can spread

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

88
Q

Streptokinase

A

digests clots so bacteria can spread

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

89
Q

Streptolysin

A

Ruptures blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

90
Q

Pyrogenic toxins

A

stimulate macrophages and helper T cells to release cytokines
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pyogenes

91
Q

Lipase

A

Digest lipids, allowing it to grow on the skin’s surface

92
Q

DNAse

A

reduces viscosity in abscesses

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus

93
Q

Alpha hemolysis

A

Partially breaks down red blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumonia

94
Q

Beta hymolysis

A

Completely breaks down red blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes, Strep agalactia

95
Q

Gamma hemolysis

A

Does not break down red blood cells

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Enterococcus

96
Q

Quorum sensing

A

Ability to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population.
GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Staph Epidermidis

97
Q

Pneumolysin

A

Destroys lung tissue

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

98
Q

Phosphorylcholine

A

stimulates cells to phagocytize the bacteria

GRAM + THAT HAVE THIS: Strep pneumoniae

99
Q

Furuncle

A

A boil

Organism: Staph aureus

100
Q

Carbuncle

A

A mass of boils

Organism: Staph aureus

101
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Exfolative Toxin

Organism: Staph aureus

102
Q

Cellulits

A

Bacteria spreading between soft tissues

Organism: Staph aureus

103
Q

Necrotizing fascitis

A

destroys muscle and fat tissue

Organism: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

104
Q

Toxic shock

A

Bacteremia (bacteria in blood) and multisystem failure

Organism: Staph aureus,Strep pyogenes

105
Q

Enterointoxication

A

GI upset, NVD

Organism: Staph aureus

106
Q

Pneumonia

A

Fluid in lungs from destruction of tissues there

Organism: Staph aureus

107
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone infection

Organism: Staph aureus

108
Q

Renal abcess

A

Pus lesion in kidneys

Organism: Staph aureus

109
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection inside heart lining and valves

Organism: Staph aureus

110
Q

Septic embolism

A

A mass of infectious cells traveling in blood, may cause clot
Organism: Staph aureus

111
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus; often occurs in hospitals
Organism: Staph aureus

112
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

inflammation that leads to damage of heart valves

Organism: Staph aureus & strep pyogenes

Micro Lecture Unit 3 (7 decks)

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